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Project_Panel_ID Name_Of_Panel Aliases_For_Panel Notes_About_Name Panels_Parish Easting Northing Coordinates_Accuracy Source_Of_Coordinates_Reading Panels_Altitude Source_Of_Altitude_Reading Directions_To_The_Panel Panel_Legal_Status Comments_On_Panel_Legal_Status Is_Panel_An_Ancient_Scheduled_Monument Panels_Displacement_History Panels_Current_Location Comments_About_Provenance Type_Of_Topography Position_In_Landscape Type_Of_Rock Vegetation_In_Area Is_It_Art_In_The_Landscape_On_An_Outcrop Is_It_Art_In_The_Landscape_On_An_Boulder Is_It_A_Ceremonial_Monument Is_It_A_Burial_Cairn Is_It_A_Portable_Reused_Stone Is_It_A_Rock_Shelter Longest_Dimension_Of_Panel Orthogonal_Dimension_Of_Panel Panel_Cultural_Period Panel_Estimated_Age Dating_Methodology Panel_Archaeological_Associations Panels_Nearest_Access_Point Is_Panel_Sign_Posted Is_There_A_Path_Available Distance_From_Panel_To_Path Is_Panel_Visible_From_Path Nature_Of_Access Remarks_About_Access Is_Panel_Accessible_By_Wheelchair Remarks_About_Wheelchair_Accessibility Usage_Of_Land Type_Of_Interpretive_Intervention Type_Of_Non_Interpretive_Intervention General_Notes_About_Panel Description_Of_Artwork Panel_Grain_Compactness Artwork_Motifs_and_Quantities Artwork_Motifs Artwork_Motifs_Quantities
210 A Hidden site       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         There is an important rock art site somewhere in the Lilburn-Newtown area waiting to be rediscovered. The hint is in Hardy's (1889: 356) comment that the Cairn-fauld’s field east to the old grass on Chillingham-Newton ground is backed by a fir plantation from which there is a wide view of Chillingham. Here there are many ‘flat rocks, with markings', some of which are sketched in the article.   Not Recorded      
511 Addeyheugh   Heugh means a cliff. Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405530m 602930m 100m OS Map Sheet 0m   Near the footpath from Debdon Farm to Addeyheugh there is a large carved boulder. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic It lies on that part of the moorland where there are small standing stones that may be burial markers or trackway guides.   NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Unknown           A natural basin and nineteen faint and distinct cups, including two large ones. Not Recorded Curved groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 19 found |Curved groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|19|
797 Allen Banks       0m 0m   OS Map Sheet 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Found on the riverbank on a popular walk in Allen Banks & Staward Gorge. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Museum         A water--rolled cobble. It could have been rolled for some distance by the river. A very fine cup mark. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
648 Alnham Northfield Alnham Alnham means the settlement on the river Aln. Alnham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 398478m 611670m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 272m Garmin GPS 12 2m SSE of the gate in the NW corner of the Northfield. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Igneous Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         Most of the field clearance stone here is of the cobble type, but there are also some other volcanic slabs similar to the decorated one. Whether these are quarried, uprooted outcrops or erratics is difficult to say, but the plough scarring on the cup marked slab suggests that it had been buried. The five cups have clear pick marks and there are also single cup marks visible on the surface of the slab. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|5|
1041 Alnmouth Wall     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424818m 611009m 75m Garmin GPS 12 71m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth.   Not Recorded      
358 Alnmouth Wall Rock 1     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424751m 611029m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 45m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of 16 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 16 found |Single or multiple cups| |16|
808 Alnmouth Wall Rock 2     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424754m 611028m 6.2m Garmin GPS 12 45m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 2 is partly buried. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of 10 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups| |10|
809 Alnmouth Wall Rock 3     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424756m 611029m 6.4m Garmin GPS 12 45m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 3 is partly buried. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of 9 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found |Single or multiple cups| |9|
810 Alnmouth Wall Rock 4     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424763m 611024m 8.6m Garmin GPS 12 53m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 4 is partly buried and obscured by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of eight cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
811 Alnmouth Wall Rock 5     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424763m 611020m 8.1m Garmin GPS 12 49m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 5 is partly covered by another rock and turf. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of seven cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
884 Alnmouth Wall Rock 6     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424769m 611020m 4.4m Garmin GPS 12 57m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 6 is under a bush. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
885 Alnmouth Wall Rock 7     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424773m 611020m 7.3m Garmin GPS 12 55m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 7 is under a bush. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
886 Alnmouth Wall Rock 8     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424783m 611013m 7.5m Garmin GPS 12 58m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         The GPS readings were taken about 10cm to the south of Alnmouth Rock 8 as the rock is under a bush and it is surrounded by stinging nettles and it was not possible to place the GPS on the rock itself. The rock is at the base of the wall and is partly covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of five cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
887 Alnmouth Wall Rock 9     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424788m 611016m 8.5m Garmin GPS 12 62m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rocks 9 and 10 are less than 10cm from each other and are located under the same bush. The rock is partly covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
888 Alnmouth Wall Rock 10     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424787m 611016m 8.3m Garmin GPS 12 62m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rocks 9 and 10 are less than 10cm from each other and are located under the same bush. The rock is partly covered by earth. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
889 Alnmouth Wall Rock 11     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424799m 611016m 8.6m Garmin GPS 12 54m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. Eighteen cups of various sizes. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 18 found |Single or multiple cups| |18|
890 Alnmouth Wall Rock 12     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424803m 611020m 7.6m Garmin GPS 12 49m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 12 is under a bush and the GPS readings were taken from about 10cm to the east of the rock. The rock is partly covered by earth. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
891 Alnmouth Wall Rock 13     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424807m 611017m 9.7m Garmin GPS 12 48m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock is about 50cm S of the wall. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
892 Alnmouth Wall Rock 14     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424810m 611019m 8.8m Garmin GPS 12 45m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 14 is partly covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
893 Alnmouth Wall Rock 15     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424819m 611019m 7.2m Garmin GPS 12 52m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 15 is partly covered by turf. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of 12 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found |Single or multiple cups| |12|
894 Alnmouth Wall Rock 16     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424818m 611018m 5.7m Garmin GPS 12 57m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 16 is below Alnmouth Rock 15., in the wall. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 16 is below Alnmouth Rock 15, in the wall. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. Sixteen cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 16 found |Single or multiple cups| |16|
895 Alnmouth Wall Rock 17     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424820m 611015m 4.6m Garmin GPS 12 59m Garmin GPS 12 Anmouth Rocks 17 and 18 lie alongside each other about 60 cm S of the wall. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. Fifty one cups, including one possible countersunk cup. Not Recorded Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 5 found. Cups countersunk: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 26 found |Cups in a straight or curved line|Cups countersunk|Single or multiple cups| |5|1|26|
896 Alnmouth Wall Rock 18     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424818m 611015m 4.6m Garmin GPS 12 52m Garmin GPS 12 Anmouth Rocks 17 and 18 lie alongside each other about 60 cm S of the wall. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. Thirty eight cups. Not Recorded Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 30 found |Cups in a straight or curved line|Single or multiple cups| |2|30|
897 Alnmouth Wall Rock 19     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424818m 611019m 4.6m Garmin GPS 12 54m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rocks 19 and 20 lie alongside each other in the wall. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 19 is partly covered by turf. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
899 Alnmouth Wall Rock 20     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424818m 611015m 7.1m Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rocks 19 and 20 lie alongside each other in the wall. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 20 is partly covered by turf. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of 12 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found |Single or multiple cups| |12|
898 Alnmouth Wall Rock 21     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424819m 611015m 5.9m Garmin GPS 12 59m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 21 is partly covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
901 Alnmouth Wall Rock 22     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424826m 611018m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 55m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 22 is partly buried. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A mimimum of one large cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
902 Alnmouth Wall Rock 23     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424827m 611016m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 56m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 23 is partly covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of nine cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found |Single or multiple cups| |9|
903 Alnmouth Wall Rock 24     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424837m 611004m 5.4m Garmin GPS 12 59m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 24 is largely covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of six cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
904 Alnmouth Wall Rock 25     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424838m 611005m 5.9m Garmin GPS 12 59m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 25 is largely covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
905 Alnmouth Wall Rock 26     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424844m 611005m 4.3m Garmin GPS 12 59m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 26 is largely covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
906 Alnmouth Wall Rock 27     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424843m 611003m 5.6m Garmin GPS 12 56m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 27 is partly covered by turf. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of five cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
907 Alnmouth Wall Rock 28     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424842m 610999m 8.9m Garmin GPS 12 65m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 28 is resting on Alnmouth Rock 29. The same GPS readings have been used for both rocks. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 28 is one metre away from Alnmouth Rock 27. The altitude reading for Alnmouth Rock 28 is likely to be incorrect. Alnmouth Rock is largely covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
908 Alnmouth Wall Rock 29     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424842m 610999m 8.9m Garmin GPS 12 65m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 28 is resting on Alnmouth Rock 29. The same GPS readings have been used for both rocks. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 28 is resting on Alnmouth Rock 29. The same GPS readings have been used for both. Alnmouth Rocks 28 and 29 are one metre away from Alnmouth Rock 27 and their altitude readings are likely to be incorrect. Alnmouth Rock 29 is partly covered by another rock and earth. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of 10 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups| |10|
909 Alnmouth Wall Rock 30     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424849m 611000m 5.2m Garmin GPS 12 47m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 30 lies SE of Alnmouth Rocks 28 and 29. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 30 is partly buried. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of five cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
910 Alnmouth Wall Rock 31     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424849m 611000m 5.2m Garmin GPS 12 47m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 31 lies underneath Alnmouth Rock 30 and is SE of Alnmouth Rock 29. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         The same GPS readings have been used for Alnmouth Rocks 30 and 31. Alnmouth Rock 31 is largely covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
911 Alnmouth Wall Rock 32     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424856m 610992m 6.6m Garmin GPS 12 59m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 32 is behind a tree. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 32 is largely covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of 26 cups. Not Recorded Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 18 found |Cups in a straight or curved line|Single or multiple cups| |2|18|
912 Alnmouth Wall Rock 33     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424856m 610982m 8m Garmin GPS 12 71m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 33 is 20cm SE of Alnmouth Rock 32 and behind the same tree. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 33 is largely covered by another rock. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
913 Alnmouth Wall Rock 34     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424871m 610990m 4.5m Garmin GPS 12 52m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of 10 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups| |10|
914 Alnmouth Wall Rock 35     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424875m 610991m 4.9m Garmin GPS 12 55m Garmin GPS 12   Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 35 is partly covered by turf. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
915 Alnmouth Wall Rock 36     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424874m 610992m 5.4m Garmin GPS 12 59m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 36 is immediately SE of Alnmouth Rock 35. Close to the junction in the fence. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 36 is partly covered by turf. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
916 Alnmouth Wall Rock 37     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424876m 610991m 4.7m Garmin GPS 12 50m Garmin GPS 12 Anmouth Rock 37 is 1.2m SE of Alnmouth Rock 36. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Alnmouth Rock 37 is partly covered by turf. Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of eight cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
917 Alnmouth Wall Rock 38     Alnmouth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 424879m 610987m 6.2m Garmin GPS 12 45m Garmin GPS 12 Alnmouth Rock 38 is N of the fence. Public - Registered Common Land   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth. A minimum of four cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
900 Alnmouth Wall Rock 39       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Public Body - Other   NO Moved from original location Other The rock has been removed to the Archaeology Department , University of Durham.. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Overlooking the coast north of Alnmouth village is a flat-topped hill with a triangulation pillar, north of which runs a boundary wall in part obscured by high bracken, gorse and hawthorn. It is capped by a fence; where the middle section of the wall has been broken down it is replaced entirely by a fence. The base of the wall appears much older than that built of regularly-shaped, quarried ashlar blocks of maroon coloured sandstone. Approximately thirty of the wall blocks, some in situ, others fallen, are cup marked. Some of the cups appear in a rosette form. There is light packing on one fallen stone. I have recorded only thirty of the stones, as the wall would have to be cleared to reach the others satisfactorily. The origin of the stone blocks is a most certainly outcrop. As most of the boundary walls are built largely of this stone, the surface of the outcrop must have been extensive, and as some of the blocks have cupmarks on two faces, part of the original outcrop had an edge. It is not unusual to find cups and cup and ring marked stones in walls; what is different here is that they rarely represent such an extensive expanse of rock, and are so varied in depth and size. Neither is it unusual to find outcrops on which the predominant or exclusive motifs are cups. The credit for these discoveries belongs to Mrs Gladys Bettess during her archaeological landscape survey of Alnmouth.   Not Recorded      
491 Alnwick Fords, Longframlington portable   Alnwick means the farm on the River Aln. Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England)       OS Map Sheet       Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Berwick Museum Find spot: NU 1370 0383 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The cup-marked cobble was found in a clearance heap of a field that is regularly ploughed. A fine cup-mark. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
649 Alwinton//Newton/Clennell Cottages 1 Alwinton 1 Clennell is a hill clear of weeds or harmful growth. Newton means new farm. Harbottle CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England)       OS Map Sheet 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Private Owner Find spot: NT 9379 0720 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible         Adam Welfare and Malcolm Scott gave Stan Beckensall details of this rock. On a ridge with wide views to the Cheviots and the south these four marked boulders (Alwinton/Newton/Clennell Cottages 1-4) have been disturbed by field clearance, so it impossible to say what their original context was. This boulder was taken from a pile of field clearance stones in a field called ‘Whitehope’, was bought at an auction sale at Wilkinson Park between 1965-67, and is now in private hands. The rest of the stones had been cleared away by April 1978.   Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|1|
650 Alwinton//Newton/Clennell Cottages 2 Alwinton 2 Clennell is a hill clear of weeds or harmful growth. Newton means new farm. Biddlestone CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 393580m 607020m 10m OS Map Sheet 0m   Just inside the plantation fence. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Mr Welfare told Stan Beckensall that he had inquired carefully about the field clearance from the point of view of possible burial mounds, and that one area may have been a cairn (NT 935 069).   NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         Adam T Welfare and Malcolm Scott gave Stan Beckensall details of this rock. On a ridge with wide views to the Cheviots and the south these four marked boulders (Alwinton/Newton/Clennell Cottages 1-4) have been disturbed by field clearance, so it impossible to say what their original context was. A boulder with complex motifs. It is very ‘busy’ with straight and curved grooves linking up with each other and with cups. Not Recorded Cup and groove: at least 6 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 8 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found |Cup and groove|Cup and ring|Two cups linked by a groove|Curved groove|Linear and angular groove|Pick marks|Cups in a straight or curved line|Single or multiple cups| |6|1|1|3|8|1|1|11|
651 Alwinton//Newton/Clennell Cottages 3 Alwinton 3 Clennell is a hill clear of weeds or harmful growth. Newton means new farm. Biddlestone CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 393580m 607020m 10m OS Map Sheet 0m   Just inside the plantation fence. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Mr Welfare told Stan Beckensall that he had inquired carefully about the field clearance from the point of view of possible burial mounds, and that one area may have been a cairn (NT935 069).   NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         Adam T Welfare and Malcolm Scott gave Stan Beckensall details of this rock. On a ridge with wide views to the Cheviots and the south these four marked boulders (Alwinton/Newton/Clennell Cottages 1-4) have been disturbed by field clearance, so it impossible to say what their original context was. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
652 Alwinton//Newton/Clennell Cottages 4 Alwinton 4 Clennell is a hill clear of weeds or harmful growth. Newton means new farm. Biddlestone CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 393580m 607200m 10m OS Map Sheet 0m   Beside the Clennell trackway among field clearance stones. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         Adam T Welfare and Malcolm Scott gave Stan Beckensall details of this rock. On a ridge with wide views to the Cheviots and the south these four marked boulders (Alwinton/Newton/Clennell Cottages 1-4) have been disturbed by field clearance, so it impossible to say what their original context was.   Not Recorded Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 2 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Cup and multiple penannulars|Cup and ring|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and groove|Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|2|1|2|8|
238 Amerside Law 1 Kay Hill A law is a hill. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407500m 626700m 100m OS Map Sheet 0m   There is a scatter of marked rocks on the little plateau bounded on the south by the wall of Achnacarry Plantation. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. The panel is in a plantation planted in 1982. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Forestry     The story of how I (Stan Beckensall) encountered this site is unusual. I was invited to talk to members of the Chatton Leek Club in the village hall about the local area, so I took slides and projector, to find the hall packed with people of all ages. It was quite an occasion for all of us. Among the audience was Jim Robson, who at that time did his shepherding on horseback. He showed me photographs of rock art that I had not seen before and offered to take me to see it. I did so; TV became involved once they heard of the discovery, and we had this picture of Jim alighting at the rocks from his horse and of me talking about them on the spot. In 1982 the area was ploughed and trees planted, but these rocks were fortunately avoided (at least one of the workers knew the value of rock art). By that time the site was well known and reported. The site has always been difficult of access, not only because it is private. Now it may not be worth a visit, as the patterns on the rocks are almost totally obscured, even if you know where to look for them. This rock is a good example of how basic symbols used all over the county can be arranged in such a way that an individual result is produced. The largest figure has a central cup from which two grooves of different thicknesses lead down and loop together, enclosing a row of three cups. There may have been three other cups already before the design was made which could have been incorporated into the rest, which is three widely spaced concentric rings around a central cup. A curved groove leads from the outer circle, flanked by two cups. To the right is a faint cup at the centre of two well-spaced concentric rings with a long groove branching to the right from the outer one. A large cup through which the narrow inner circle passes may have preceded the final decoration, and have been incorporated into it. To the left, the top figure is a rectangle with slightly rounded corners that encloses six cups, four of which lie at the centre of a circle from which edge run two parallel grooves that end in a cup and ring. A faint angular groove joins the outer circle from the right. To the left of this motif is a large cup at the centre of two concentric rings, a groove leading out from the inner circle and flanked by a cup. This figure is joined to the top one by a long, straight, thin groove. Below is a cup and ring with a groove from the outer ring that joins an arc framing a cup and ring. Another motif joins on below: a cup at the centre of a pear-shaped penannular with the central cup linked to it. The bottom motif is a cup at the centre of two well-spaced concentric rings; from the outer ring a thin groove leads to a small cup. A large cup ends the design. The west end has an angular ring concentric to an angular ring around a cup, with a faint ring between the two. A thin groove leads left out of the cup. Above the motif are two cups and rings; below are two others that touch, and a groove leads down the rock from the outside of the ring. The obvious parallel for the rectangular grooves with linked cups and the heart-shaped/oval groove with linked cups is Dod Law Main Rock. The almost square-shaped enclosures elsewhere are echoed at Chatton Park Hill and Buttony, so one may ask if there was a contact between the people who made them. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Parallel grooves: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with interior groove: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 4 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 3 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Cups in a straight or curved line|Curved groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Parallel grooves|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and ring with interior groove|Arc|Cup and ring|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and multiple rings|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |11|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|3|4|3|3|
239 Amerside Law 2 Kay Hill A law is a hill. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407600m 627100m 100m OS Map Sheet     There is a scatter of marked rocks on the little plateau bounded on the south by the wall of Achnacarry Plantation. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. The panel is in a plantation planted in 1982. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Forestry       On the extension of this ridge north are two motifs: a cup and ring with an outside cup, and a cup with a groove at the centre of two rings. There is a small Christian cross carved on the ridge with a metal tool. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Cup and ring| |1|1|1|
240 Amerside Law 3a Kay Hill A law is a hill. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 408100m 627100m 100m OS Map Sheet 0m   There is a scatter of marked rocks on the little plateau bounded on the south by the wall of Achnacarry Plantation. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. The panel is in a plantation planted in 1982. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Forestry       A rectangle within a rectangle enclosing a number of cups lies further east away from the scarp edge. Four cups in the inner rectangle are all linked. There are three small cups between the rectangles, and one outside. Nearby is an oval containing a cup with two radiates that meet the ring. Not Recorded Ring with an inner cup with two radiates that meet the ring: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Multiple rectangular grooves enclosing cups: at least 1 found |Ring with an inner cup with two radiates that meet the ring|Single or multiple cups|Multiple rectangular grooves enclosing cups| |1|1|1|
241 Amerside Law 3b Kay Hill A law is a hill. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 408100m 627100m 100m Garmin GPS 12 0m   There is a scatter of marked rocks on the little plateau bounded on the south by the wall of Achnacarry Plantation. Close to Amerside Law 3a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. The panel is in a plantation planted in 1982. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Forestry       An open oval or heart-shape enclosing four cups that are linked with grooves. Not Recorded Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 4 found |Oval groove enclosing cups|Cup and groove| |1|4|
360 Beadnell Caravan Park   Beadnell was named 'Bedehal' in 1161. It means Beda's land by a haugh (by the water in this case).   0m 0m   OS Map Sheet 0m     Private Find spot: NU 230 299 NO Moved from original location Unknown   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic When in March 1970 a field between Beadnell and Seahouses was developed as a caravan park, mechanical excavators disturbed and later destroyed two burial mounds. The first was 315 yards south of Linkhouse Cottage, opposite an inlet called Collith Hole, west of the main road. It had a large cobble kerb around a mound of beach pebbles. The second mound, 25 yards further north, was 19' diameter and 4' high, with large cobbles as kerbstones. Inside was a stone cist that had later been enlarged to make another. There were many bones of 19 people, one with a penannular brooch that dates the enlargement to iron age or Romano - British times. The original burial contained a piece of sandstone 38cm X 36cm which had 26 small cups and a small cup joined to a large one. The stone had been broken. Was the insertion of the slab its re-use as building material or of symbolic significance, or both?   NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown           Twenty six small cups and a small cup joined to a large one. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 28 found |Single or multiple cups| |28|
326 Beanley Moor 1   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 409600m 618400m 200m OS Map Sheet   OS Map Sheet Near The Ringses Hillfort display on Beanley Moor. Covered by turf. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO YES NO NO 100cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO   NO Open Access The panel covered by turf Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
327 Beanley Moor 2   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 409695m 618514m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 155m Garmin GPS 12 27m NNE of Beanley Moor 1. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside Appears to be in a green wall. Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 80cm 75cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO 45 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
328 Beanley Moor 3   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 410230m 618556m 2.8m Garmin GPS 12 153m Garmin GPS 12 East of The Ringses Hillfort on the rise. 17m NNE of the standing stone and 12m NNE of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 630cm 430cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO 12 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
329 Beanley Moor 4   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 410645m 618511m 3m Garmin GPS 12 136m Garmin GPS 12 27m E of the prominent tree and 32m SSW of the footpath. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Lowland basin (Valley bottom)   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 85cm 70cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO 32 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
330 Beanley Moor 5   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 410677m 618486m 3m Garmin GPS 12 132m Garmin GPS 12 40m SE of Beanley Moor 4 and 41m S of the footpath. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Lowland basin (Valley bottom)   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 65cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO 41 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
331 Beanley Moor 6   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 410677m 618486m 3m Garmin GPS 12 137m Garmin GPS 12 1.5m S of Beanley Moor 5. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Lowland basin (Valley bottom)   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 90cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO 43 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
332 Beanley Moor 7   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 410376m 618322m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 157m Garmin GPS 12 42m NNE of the base of the crag. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 115cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO 150 NO Open Access The panel is more than 150m from the nearest path. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
333 Beanley Moor 8   Beanley means the bean field or clearing.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible             Not Recorded      
334 Beanley Moor 9   Beanley means the bean field or clearing.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible             Not Recorded      
335 Beanley Moor 10   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 410810m 618174m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 153m Garmin GPS 12 In an old streambed close to the public footpath. Obscured by bracken in summer. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 70cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO 50 NO Open Access According to the Ordinance Survey map, the nearest public footpath is about 50m away Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Three shallow cups and an arc. Hard Arc: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Arc|Single or multiple cups| |1|3|
336 Beanley Moor 11   Beanley means the bean field or clearing. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 410750m 618122m 4.4m Garmin GPS 12 162m Garmin GPS 12 Uphill from Beanley Moor 10. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 140cm 95cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Beanley Moor gate NO NO 50 NO Open Access According to the Ordinance Survey map, the nearest public footpath is about 50m away. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Two cups linked by an elliptical groove. Hard Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found |Two cups linked by a groove| |1|
324 Beanley portable a   Beanley means the bean field or clearing.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Alnwick Castle   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Found in the area of The Ringses (on Beanley Moor) in 1864, covered with vegetation. It has always been referred to as a cist cover, without further evidence. The pick marks are still fresh on the slab, suggesting that it has been buried shortly after it was made. The design makes it one of the finest compositions, as there is clearly a careful use of the shape of the rock surface that partly decided the design. At the top centre is a cup with four concentric rinds. The cup has a diametric groove that preceded the rings, most of which stop at it; the groove continues down the rock to link up to the left and right with similar motifs; that on the right has a cup with a penannular and two concentric rings, the outer of which joins the outer ring of the central figure. From the cup a groove reaches the end of the slab, cutting through the groove that starts with the outer ring of the central motif, encloses the left hand motif and runs to the right to link up with the third figure. This is a cup and two penannulars, where a groove runs from the cup to meet this curving groove, which in turn curves round to meet the outer penannular. There is an interesting simple mathematical relationship between the motifs: four, three and two concentric rings around cups. All the figures are deliberately linked, not only from the grooves from their cups but also from the embracing outer grooves. Not Recorded      
325 Beanley portable b   Beanley means the bean field or clearing.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Alnwick Castle   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       A second, smaller slab was found in the same area as Beanley mobiliary a. Beanley mobiliary a was found in the area of The Ringses (on Beanley Moor) in 1864, covered with vegetation. A cup at the centre of four concentric penannulars. Not Recorded Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Cup and multiple penannulars| |1|
783 Bellshiel Law 1a   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 380949m 601039m 5.5m Garmin GPS 12 300m Garmin GPS 12 On the west side of the road from Redesdale camp to Featherwood. Among trees near the top of the hill overlooking the stream valley. 13m S of the dumped concrete. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           A deep basin. Not Recorded Basin: at least 1 found |Basin| |1|
784 Bellshiel Law 1b   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   A triangular shaped slab in the northern cairnfield north of the long cairn and north of the road. Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Find spot given as: NT 81150 01217. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           A well--made large cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
785 Bellshiel Law 1c   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Find spot given as: NT 81366 01129. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Unknown           A large cup similar to that on Bellshiel Law b. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
786 Bellshiel Law 1d   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 381356m 601138m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 313m Garmin GPS 12 31m W of Bellshiel Law 1e and 13m S of the fence surrounding the long cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           A single large cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
787 Bellshiel Law 1e   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 381384m 601127m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 309m Garmin GPS 12 25m SSE of the fence post at the E corner of the fence surrounding the long cairn Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           A minimum of three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
788 Bellshiel Law 1f   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Unable to locate during the project. Find spot given as NT 81398 01128. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           A cup-marked boulder. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
1002 Bellshiel Law 1g   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 381115m 601332m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 333m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Two cups, one dubious. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
789 Bellshiel Law 2a   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 381541m 600599m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 272m Garmin GPS 12 11m SSW of Bellshiel Law 2b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Eight cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
790 Bellshiel Law 2b   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 381541m 600611m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 271m Garmin GPS 12 17m SSE of Bellshiel Law 2c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Eighteen cups, including one cup which is joined to two cups by way of two separate grooves, and another two cups joined by a groove. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 13 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove| |13|3|
791 Bellshiel Law 2c   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 381530m 600624m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 273m Garmin GPS 12 About 180m SSE of the sheep shelter. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Two large deep cups and two small cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
792 Bellshiel Law 2d   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 381507m 600618m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 275m Garmin GPS 12 29m W of Bellshiel Law 2c and on the edge of the cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Four cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
793 Bellshiel Law 2e   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill. Rochester CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 381587m 600500m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 267m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
794 Bellshiel Law 2f   Bellshiel means temporary herdman's settlement ('shield') on a hill.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Find spot given as NT 80630 0051. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
242 Bellshill Quarry 1             Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Unknown A marked block taken from field clearance was among piles of stone dumped at a disused quarry. The present location of this rock is not known. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible         The sandstone is coarse and gritty on the marked surface, and have been uprooted by heavy machinery. The area from which they came is extensively cultivated, and has produced some good prehistoric flint artefacts. A large cup and arc, with six other cups arranged in its centre. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |6|1|
243 Bellshill Quarry 2       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Unknown A marked block taken from field clearance was among piles of stone dumped at a disused quarry. The present location of this rock is not known. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         The sandstone is coarse and gritty on the marked surface, and have been uprooted by heavy machinery. The area from which they came is extensively cultivated, and has produced some good prehistoric flint artefacts. A slab has a cup and groove at the centre of a penannular, a cup and groove and five cups. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Cup and groove with penannular| |1|5|1|1|
316 Bewick Hill 4   Bewick means bee farm.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Panel from Ian and Irene Hewitt's records, based on information in Tate (1865).   Not Recorded      
317 Bewick Hill 5   Bewick means bee farm.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Panel from Ian and Irene Hewitt's records, based on information in Tate (1865).   Not Recorded      
294 Bewick Moor North a   Bewick means bee farm.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be found during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible             Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 3 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 4 found. Cup and ring: at least 4 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and penannular|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring| |1|12|1|3|4|4|
295 Bewick Moor North b   Bewick means bee farm. Bewick CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 408633m 623187m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 239m Garmin GPS 12 On the W edge of the large cairn, about 500m W of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible             Not Recorded Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Chevron: at least 1 found |Cup and ring|Chevron| |1|1|
303 Bewick Moor North c   Bewick means bee farm. Bewick CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 409704m 623134m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 231m Garmin GPS 12 81m SE of Bewick Moor North b, on the eastern edge of the cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Six cups, one of which has a groove from it. Not Recorded Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Cup and groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|5|
656 Biddlestone     Biddlestone CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 395100m 607800m 100m OS Map Sheet 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Private Owner The stone is on display outside Biddlestone Home Farm. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The most likely place where the stone came from is a monument of some sort, possibly part of a burial cairn. The ridge to the north of the stream provides a likely site for such cairns, which would not be at the highest point, but visible for miles around.   NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Easy         The road and trackway from Elilaw to Clennell Cottages runs roughly from east to west, with Biddlestone village and Harden Quarry to the north. The panel was located to the south of this routeway at the stream base of fields that have been enclosed, those to the south have very clear rig and furrow. A stream that flows eastward, originated at Rookland, is the Netherton Burn, and it is on its north side that the stone lay, very close to the water. The stone was taken to Biddlestone Home Farm for its protection. There is a great deal of loose dumped stone in the same area as the carved rock that has come from field clearance., so the most likely original location of the stone was in the field above. The stone (48 x 33 x 20 cm) is cushion-shaped, with the narrower edge on one side having all the markings. Other surfaces remain unworked, but the back of it shows that originally it may have been quarried from outcrop. There is rounding of the edges that comes from exposure or other erosion. The drawing shows a cup and pennanular, the latter stopping at the edge. A large cup and a smaller one that may be a large pick-mark accompany it. Below are two well defined cups and some apparently incomplete linked depressions. Then comes a well-made cup and single ring, the ring running into a large cup on the edge of the rock. There is another small cup and three faint conjoined cups. On the downslope are two small cups or pickmarks. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring|Cup and penannular| |11|1|1|
369 Black Bog Dean, Alnwick   Alnwick means the farm on the River Aln. Denwick CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 417700m 616200m 100m OS Map Sheet 0m   To the east of the Alnwick-Chatton road, B6346, the Black Bog stream flows through a narrow wood. When the wood was being cleared at its eastern part, and earthfast rock that protruded from the stream valley on its south side was found to be carved. Private   NO Unknown Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         To the east of the Alnwick-Chatton road, B6346, the Black Bog stream flows through a narrow wood. When the wood was being cleared at its eastern part, and earthfast rock that protruded from the stream valley on its south side was found to have cups and grooves. The position of the rock art is very unusual, although in other parts of north Britain some decorated rocks mark the sites of streams and springs. I (Stan Beckensall) recorded this isolated example in 1981. The rock is naturally ridged along its axis. On one side are four cups. Opposite are motifs that flow into each other in the direction of the stream: The main motif is a cup and groove at the centre of a penannular, around which is a thin groove that breaks at the top to admit two large cups and to become part of a penannular around a cup. Two other cups follow and a cup and penannular. This well-- made design is pushed to the edge of the rock. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove with penannular| |8|1|3|
734 Blue Crag, Colwell a       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible             Not Recorded      
735 Blue Crag, Colwell b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible             Not Recorded      
642 Blueburn Farm       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The stone is possibly prehistoric, it is a flat stone with a deep pick--marked cone--shaped cup, with all the pick marks visible. One deep pick--marked cone--shaped cup, with all the pick marks visible. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
322 Brandon Hillhead, Glanton     Ingram CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 405050m 617550m 200m OS Map Sheet 0m   Field clearance boulder close to the roadside. Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Information from Ian and Irene Hewitt's database. Cups only. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
368 Brockdam Moor             OS Map Sheet 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible         David Griggs reported a marked rock in a stone heap, a small boulder with a countersunk cup from which a groove ran, surrounded by a ring; there was another cup on the surface. We arranged for a team to excavate the mound (1975), hoping that a context might be available for the rock art. The mound turned out to be little more than a heap of field clearance stones riddled with rabbit holes, and underneath it was a warren. An examination of the area adjoining the heap indicated that there might be a low-walled stone enclosure. A search of the moor and the excavation of two other mounds revealed that one was also field clearance, but that the other, with its tell-tale depression on the top, was a disturbed burial cairn that stood on the ridge overlooking Ellingham and Tynely to the North Sea. The burial cairn had been dug from the top through its centre to the cist below: this was an oval-shape of small vertically placed stones the centre of which had been dug, leaving a depression suspiciously in the shape of a pot at one end. Each stone of the cairn was cleaned to see if there were any markings; there were not. At the farmer’s request we re-established the cairn to its former profile, but left the centre open with the cist filled with gravel to stabilise and protect it. A countersunk cup from which a groove ran, surrounded by a ring; there was another cup on the surface. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup with groove cutting through ring| |1|1|
8 Broomridge 1 Hunters Moor   Ford CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 397298m 637110m 3m Garmin GPS 12 160m Garmin GPS 12 On a raised area 34m N of the public footpath. The panel is difficult to see when the bracken is high. A flat outcrop rises above the field level, and it has been quarried, but a central area, elongated from north to south, has many motifs to be viewed from the north. The whole ridge is visible to the east and west from the rock, which also commands extensive views to the south and north. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 450cm 390cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Entrance to Roughting Linn farm NO NO 34 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Tate (1865) describes this rock as ‘ a large surface of rock, some forty yards by twenty, having a gentle slope to the northward, is partially uncovered. In one part, which has been entirely cleared of turf, fourteen figures are scattered over an area of fifteen feet by about from 5 to 7 feet.’ He comments on the ‘new features ‘ that he encountered, several of which ‘are curiously united by straight and curved grooves. Across the entire diameter of a group of four concentric circles, runs a groove connecting them with other combined figures. An irregularly shaped, rounded, angular figure, encloses two hollows or cups; and united to this is a broad oval figure. One figure around four cups approaches to the reniform.’ His drawing does not quite tally with my own, which was made one hundred years later, during which time the rock surface has probably remained open to the weather. A striking motif is a cup at the centre of two concentric circles with a diametric groove that runs on to link it with other figures. Unusual is the west figure of concentric circles and two parallel straight grooves. Discrepancies between the drawings are not necessarily to do with erosion, and a further comparison with Collingwood Bruce’s (1869) and a photograph show how recorders have a different perception of the same rock. Hard Penannular: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Crossed groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 6 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found |Penannular|Two cups linked by a groove|Multiple penannulars|Multiple arcs|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Linear and angular groove|Crossed groove|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and ring|Oval groove enclosing cups|Cup and multiple rings|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|6|1|3|12|
9 Broomridge 2 Hunters Moor   Ford CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 397039m 637043m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 163m Garmin GPS 12 About 180m E of Broomridge 3, from where it can be seen, and 32m SSW of the public footpath. There is a small path leading from the public footpath to Broomridge 2. The sea can seen from this rock on a clear day. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 2300cm 1900cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The outline and various stages of excavation of large millstones are visible at the E end of the rock. Entrance to Roughting Linn farm NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     Large dome of rock that has two distinct sets of markings: one is the outline and various stages of excavation of large millstones at the east end of the rock, and cups and rings elsewhere. Tate (1865) does not bother to illustrate them, and describes the rock as 'covered with defaced inscriptions; eleven figures are traceable - all of typical forms - one group of concentric circles being 30 inches in diameter.’ Today, two kinds of motifs are to be seen: to the west are cups, some isolated and scattered, but there are two impressive cup clusters, one group having two linked cups and a cup with a tail, with the pick marks of their making still clear. The other motifs include multiple concentric circles, the largest being referred to by Tate (1865) as 30" diameter. The difficulty of seeing some of the markings was particularly brought home to me (Stan Beckensall) when, after years of visiting the site, I found an unrecorded figure of three incomplete concentric arcs, and on another occasion I found that someone had removed a little turf and revealed some new ones, without reporting it. All these are seen in the drawings, hopefully complete now. The disturbance of the surrounding area by ploughing and its covering with grass and bracken can still allow something of the past to surface: we found a splendid orange and white flint flake close to this rock on a path. Two kinds of motifs are to be seen: to the west are cups, some isolated and scattered, but there are two impressive cup clusters, one group having two linked cups and a cup with a tail, with the pick marks of their making still clear. The other motifs include multiple concentric circles, the largest being referred to by Mr.Tate as 30" diameter. The difficulty of seeing some of the markings was particularly brought home to me when, after years of visiting the site, I found an unrecorded figure of three incomplete concentric arcs, and on another occasion I found that someone had removed a little turf and revealed some new ones, without reporting it. All these are seen in the drawings, hopefully complete now. Seven concentric circles is a large number for any British site, and although some features of this motif are faint, it can be seen that the ‘circles’ are made by rather angular lines joined together. Two grooves, one very faint, radiate from a circle around the central cup, but not directly from it. The outer circle is incomplete. To the left are three cups, some uncertain cups, and one well-made figure of two concentric circles surrounding a cup, with an extra cup inserted between the circles. The remaining motifs appear incomplete- not something to be accounted for by erosion alone. The upper one has a cup and ring, with two incomplete concentric grooves outside, (one having two cups to guide it?). The other has a cup and penannular, and two cups outside it form part of incomplete surrounding grooves. Hard Multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found. Concentric rings: at least 1 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 3 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 20 found |Multiple penannulars|Cup and ring|Cup and penannular|Curved groove|Cup and multiple rings|Concentric rings|Pick marks|Cup and groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|1|1|2|1|1|3|1|20|
10 Broomridge 3 Hunters Moor   Ford CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 396872m 637024m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 166m Garmin GPS 12 19m SSW of the public footpath. The carvings are covered by grass. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 2000cm 1400cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Entrance to Roughting Linn farm NO NO 19 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       On the north slope of the outcrop is a cup with three irregular concentric rings, traces of a fourth, and a large arc surrounding much of this central motif. It is very difficult to locate, as it is usually grass-covered and is very faint. Hard Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Cup and groove|Curved groove|Cup and multiple penannulars|Single or multiple cups| |2|3|1|6|
284 Brown Ridge Burn 1     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410837m 627329m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 165m Garmin GPS 12 19m WNW of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 19 YES Open Access This distance is to the farmtrack. The nearest public footpath is, according to the Ordinance Survey map, about 220 m away. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
285 Brown Ridge Burn 2     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410847m 627235m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 166m Garmin GPS 12 12m SE of the farmtrack Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 140cm 95cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 12 YES Open Access This distance is to the farmtrack. The nearest public footpath is, according to the Ordinance Survey map, about 200 m away. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       At least six and possibly eight cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
59 Buttony 1a   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401718m 631037m 8.4m Garmin GPS 12 154m Garmin GPS 12 4m SW of Buttony 1b. Partially covered by plantation debris. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Woodland YES NO NO NO NO NO 1300cm 300cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 20 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 20m to the plantation wall. Impossible   Forestry     A ridge of outcrop, roughly NE-SW, is broken into seven sections where the motifs occur, and although other outcrop is revealed to the NE there are no motifs there. This decorated outcrop gives the best view of the place where the Till meets the Plain, and overlooks the site of another, forested, enclosure. The motifs are on two levels of the outcrop: some on the top surface, and others on the steep SE face. There is a difference in the clarity of the motifs, those on the upper rock surface appearing to be either worn or more tentative, and those on the more vertical surface showing all the pick marks, especially where they dip into the turf at the rock base. There is also a variety of motifs, with radial and diametric grooves, angular and circular concentric grooves, and rosette arrangements of cups. The Buttony group, although having characteristics that can be seen elsewhere, is particularly important for the number of rosettes, for the multiple concentric circles, and for the contrast between pristine and eroded or tentative motifs. The site occupies an important viewpoint of the valley breaking into the plain. It is extremely important that these rocks should be well-preserved, as they have some of the finest motifs in Europe. A central cup from which a long duct extends beyond six concentric penannulars around the cup. Hard Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|
60 Buttony 1b   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401724m 631030m 8.6m Garmin GPS 12 168m Garmin GPS 12 4m W of Buttony 1c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Woodland YES NO NO NO NO NO 1300cm 300cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 15 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 15m to the plantation wall. Impossible   Forestry       A cup and groove, with a penannular, a second open at two ends, and the third being joined by the duct at one end, but being open at the other. Hard Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|
61 Buttony 1c   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401728m 631035m 6.9m Garmin GPS 12 173m Garmin GPS 12 About 15m SSE of the wall surrounding the plantation. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 1300cm 300cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 15 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 15m to the plantation wall. Impossible   Forestry       A series of four linked figures on the vertical rock face. At either end the motifs are four and five concentric penannulars around a central cup through which passes a diametric groove that forms a link with the other figures. To the SW the diametric groove rises, bends down, runs parallel to the rock surface, where it is joined by a duct from a small cup surrounded by an incomplete ring and an outer, rather angular, penannular. The next figure appears incomplete: a cup and ring, a second concentric ring that stops on one side before it reaches the diametric groove, a third arc that does not link up on the other side, a fourth almost complete penannular, and a fifth arc. The diametric groove makes a flowing curve on the downslope, and is joined by the diametric groove of the cup and five rings. The outer figures are in pristine condition and symmetrically formed, whereas the other two are not. Hard Arc: at least 2 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 2 found |Arc|Arc|Penannular|Cup and ring|Curved groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |2|1|2|1|3|2|
62 Buttony 2   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401728m 631040m 5m Garmin GPS 12 154m Garmin GPS 12 5m NE of Buttony 1c. The carvings are covered by plantation debris. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         The carvings are covered by plantation debris and are not visible. This carved rock has two groups of figures on the downslope. To the right a cup is central, with a diametric, extended groove beyond the grooves that circle the cup. These grooves are not symmetrical: there are two inner concentric circles, but the third does not meet, and a fourth arc has been added on one side. Attached to this outer arc is a second figure of a cup with a long duct, surrounded by a penannular, with an outer angular groove that joins the outer arc of the adjacent figure. There is a cup. The motifs to the SW are different: a cup at the base, two cups with arcs side by side, a cup and semicircle, a cup and faint arc, and a small cup and faint penannular. Not Recorded Penannular: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 3 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found |Penannular|Arc|Cup and multiple rings|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove with penannular|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove with arc|Cup and penannular| |1|1|1|3|1|2|3|2|
63 Buttony 3   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401732m 631049m 6.5m Garmin GPS 12 154m Garmin GPS 12 3m NE of Buttony 2. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 260cm 240cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 15 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 15m to the edge of plantation. Impossible   Forestry       There are two motifs on the upper surface. The most southerly is on a promontory of rock, jutting out like a triangle, at the apex of which are 18 different-sized and - shaped cups. Then there are five cups arranged in a rosette around a central cup, all being enclosed by three faint circles. There are four incomplete circles concentric to these, and it looks as though the cups may have erased or prevented their completion. Had the seven circles been complete, it would have been one of the biggest here and in Scotland. There is a different concept in the motifs to the north on the same rock: a cup through which a diametric groove runs on in both directions is the centre of two small penannulars, then three larger and more angular concentric grooves, two spaced cups, and a bold angular outer groove that links up with both ends of the diametric groove. There are nine cups, six of them arranged in a domino pattern, which occupy the space where one might expect the outer groove to continue. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 24 found. Square groove: at least 1 found. Three parallel grooves: at least 2 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Concentric rings: at least 1 found. Rosette enclosed by a ring: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Linear and angular groove|Curved groove|Single or multiple cups|Square groove|Three parallel grooves|Cup and penannular|Multiple arcs|Concentric rings|Rosette enclosed by a ring| |1|1|1|24|1|2|2|1|1|1|
64 Buttony 4   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401741m 631047m 6.7m Garmin GPS 12 164m Garmin GPS 12 3m NE of Buttony 3. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 235cm 195cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 15 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 15m to the edge of the plantation. Impossible   Forestry       This panel has two very striking sets of concentric circles on the lower face, and higher there are six domino cups, three cups circled by a groove, and four other cups. Eight concentric circles, the outer one incomplete, surround a cup from which three radial grooves run. This figure is faintly linked with a cup and seven concentric circles, with two radial grooves. What is very interesting about these is that they are fresh, and that the construction of the 'circles' shows a series of straight lines that make up part of the grooves. There is a large cup and two small ones on the same surface. Hard Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 2 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found. Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found |Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Oval groove enclosing cups|Single or multiple cups|Domino patterns and parallel lines| |2|1|4|1|
65 Buttony 5   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401740m 631053m 6.3m Garmin GPS 12 150m Garmin GPS 12 1m NE of Buttony 4. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Woodland YES NO NO NO NO NO 195cm 155cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 15 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 15m to the edge of the plantation. Impossible   Forestry       A roughly square block of outcrop with motifs on two levels. There is a cup and duct centring three grooves and the beginnings of a fourth, and the others are the rare rosette forms. There is a complete circle around a central cup that is surrounded by eight smaller cups. The outer circle is faintly linked to a cup, and there are four others. There is an incomplete groove around some indistinct cups, and the intention here may have been another rosette. NE of these is a figure similar to that on Buttony 3: a partly worn inner circle around a central cup, itself the centre of four smaller cups, then outside this are three other circles, again partly faint, and two arcs beyond them. There are six cups. Hard Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Concentric rings: at least 1 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 1 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 15 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Rosette enclosed by a ring: at least 1 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found |Multiple arcs|Concentric rings|Oval groove enclosing cups|Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular|Ring|Rosette enclosed by a ring|Penannular|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|1|1|1|15|1|1|1|1|1|
66 Buttony 6   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   The panel was close to and ran under a fence that has now been removed. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside The panel cannot now be located. Covered by plantation debris. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           The carved rock has a cup at the centre of seven of equal size - a rosette without the surrounding groove. Not Recorded Rosette: at least 1 found |Rosette| |1|
67 Buttony 7   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   A few metres SW of Buttony 4. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   West Horton farmhouse NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           It is particularly interesting because it has an outer circle, one of four concentric rings around a cup through which a long groove passes, and bends away at a right-angle, where the circle becomes not a continuous groove but a circle of cups. This could indicate that one way of making a circle was to begin in this way. It could also be used as a technique to produce a straight or serpentine groove (see Gled Law 3). There is a single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|1|1|
69 Buttony cist   Buttony or Botany is a field name, a kind of joke after Botany Bay - a place of servitude a long way away - thus not popular with the farm hands. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England)       Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Find spot given as: NU 02380 30360 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         In 1938 a cist was uncovered during ploughing close to the Till, with 'incised markings' on the underside. One third of the stone was sent to the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle. Human bone was also reported from it.   Not Recorded      
437 Caller Crag a   The name means 'the calf crag'. Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411438m 606904m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 241m Garmin GPS 12 The panel is on a large prominent rockface about 250m W of the public footpath. There is a minor path leading to the outcrop. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 1700cm 1200cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic To the east of the path leading to Caller Crags disturbances of the surface mainly for forestry have revealed some flint artefacts and burial cairns. Road - B6341 NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     Caller Crag is a prominent linear outcrop of Fell sandstone running from north east to south west, to the north of which is a narrow flat area that could have been useful for stock holding or settlement. A small cave in the north face of the cliff opens onto this. The rocks have eroded dramatically, with natural grooves and cups formed in the process. As a feature in the landscape this would have been a very striking reference point for people moving through the landscape. The south face of part of this outcrop is vertical, and is peppered with artificial cup marks, many clustered and touching. There is only one ring. On the top of the outcrop are two basins and cups. They face another ledge or plateau of land where a disturbed cist is still visible. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Midget cup: at least 4 found. Basin: at least 4 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 61 found |Linear and angular groove|Cup and ring|Cup and groove|Midget cup|Basin|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|2|4|4|61|
438 Caller Crag b   The name means 'the calf crag'. Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411495m 606979m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 238m Garmin GPS 12 102m NE of Caller Crag a and 10m ESE of the footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 190cm 170cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO NO 10 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
439 Caller Crag c   The name means 'the calf crag'. Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411502m 607034m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 242m   62m NE of Caller Crag b and on the eastern side of Caller Crag d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope On edge of the crag. Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO YES NO NO NO 90cm 85cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO NO 2 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     Caller Crag c and d have been kept as two distinct occurrences as their archaeological relationship is not clear. A minimum of five cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
440 Caller Crag d   The name means 'the calf crag'. Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411501m 607037m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 240m Garmin GPS 12 62m NE of Caller Crag b and 2.5m from the edge of the crag. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope On edge of the crag. Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 430cm 200cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     Caller Crag c and d have been kept as two distinct occurrences as their archaeological relationship is not clear. Fourteen cups and one cup and groove scattered on the rock. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 14 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove| |14|1|
441 Caller Crag e   The name means 'the calf crag'. Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411676m 607252m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 247m Garmin GPS 12 49m SW of the plantation fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 165cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO NO 50 NO Open Access Approximately 50m. Impossible   Pasture       A basin of about 18cm in diameter and a midget cup. Hard Midget cup: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 1 found |Midget cup|Basin| |1|1|
442 Caller Crag f   The name means 'the calf crag'. Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411682m 607226m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 248m Garmin GPS 12 25m S of Caller Crag e. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 140cm 90cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO NO 50 NO Open Access Approximately 50m. Impossible   Pasture       One faint cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
658 Cambo, Wallington Cambo-Wallington Cambo , recorded in 1230, means the spur of a hill with a crest (thus camber)   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Unknown The stone is either in the British Museum or lost. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         The Rev Rome Hall noted a stone of 9” diameter and 3” thick that had a cup mark. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
253 Camp Hill 1             Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Find spot: NU 09910 27131. The grid references was taken at the centre of the cairn excavated by Jobey (1968). Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In an area where there are hundreds of mounds, three cup marked stones were found in them. At Chatton Sandyfords there were five cups on a barrow stone; the barrow had three beaker inhumations and two cremations, one with an enlarged food vessel. The earliest beaker was dated to 1670 +/- BC and the second was close to this date. The third was inserted later, perhaps 1500BC. The cup marked sandstone was local, with five cups pecked on one face, and a small one broken through. It was found in a disturbed area and could have been associated with a cremation contained in an inverted enlarged food vessel that had been shattered by the disturbance. Adjacent to the cremation was a large limestone column with natural pitting that could have been a marker of some kind. George Jobey (1968), the excavator, reports the five cups on one side and ‘Five cups have been started on the second face but not completed.’ As part of one of these cups lies on the very edge of one face it is likely that the stone had been broken from larger slab. (Jobey G,AA4,46) Ten cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups| |10|
272 Camp Hill 2       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   Boulders in the vicinity of Jobey's (1968) excavated cairn. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Nine cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found |Single or multiple cups| |9|
273 Camp Hill 3       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   Boulders in the vicinity of Jobey's (1968) excavated cairn. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Seven cups and a curved groove. Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|7|
737 Carr Hill, Frankham Fell a   Carr Hill means rocky. Frankham Fell may mean Franka's settlement. These names are not in old documents. Warden CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 388567m 569388m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 154m Garmin GPS 12 17m NW of the wall and SSW of the pylon. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 175cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Frankham Fell farm NO NO 300 YES Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 300m Impossible   Pasture       The top motifs are a cup from which a groove runs out to meet the outer ring of five. These rings are not complete, but begin with an arc over the cup, a penannular parallel to that, two complete concentric rings, and an outer penannular. Below is a cup with a serpentine groove running from it. The cup has three concentric penannulars; the groove does not run through the gap, but curves away to meet one end of these penannulars. Above all is a short groove concentric to the rings below it. Hard Curved groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Concentric rings: at least 1 found. Penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found |Curved groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Concentric rings|Penannular|Cup and groove with arc| |1|1|1|2|1|
738 Carr Hill, Frankham Fell b   Carr Hill means rocky. Frankham Fell may mean Franka's settlement. These names are not in old documents. Warden CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England)       Garmin GPS 12   Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be located during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           A small ring from which a groove runs. Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Ring| |1|1|
739 Carr Hill, Frankham Fell c   Carr Hill means rocky. Frankham Fell may mean Franka's settlement. These names are not in old documents.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           A cup and an arc. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Arc| |1|1|
740 Carr Hill, Frankham Fell d   Carr Hill means rocky. Frankham Fell may mean Franka's settlement. These names are not in old documents. Warden CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 388620m 569493m 4.4m Garmin GPS 12 176m Garmin GPS 12 27m NNW of the pylon and on the quarried edge. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 710cm 165cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Frankham Fell farm NO NO 300 YES Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 300m Impossible   Pasture       An outcrop edge with 16 large and small cups, some oval. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 16 found |Single or multiple cups| |16|
998 Carr Hill, Frankham Fell e   Carr Hill means rocky. Frankham Fell may mean Franka's settlement. These names are not in old documents. Warden CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 388615m 569501m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 176m Garmin GPS 12 7m N of Carr Hill, Frankham Fell d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 140cm 80cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Frankham Fell farm NO NO 300 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 300m Impossible   Pasture       Two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
999 Carr Hill, Frankham Fell f   Carr Hill means rocky. Frankham Fell may mean Franka's settlement. These names are not in old documents. Warden CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 388559m 569555m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 192m Garmin GPS 12 Immediately E of Carr Hill, Frankham Fell g. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 260cm 210cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Frankham Fell farm NO NO 300 YES Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 300m Impossible   Pasture       Large cup with partial arc around it. Hard Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |1|
1000 Carr Hill, Frankham Fell g   Carr Hill means rocky. Frankham Fell may mean Franka's settlement. These names are not in old documents. Warden CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 388556m 569553m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 185m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the crag. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 190cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Frankham Fell farm NO NO 300 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 300m Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
1001 Carr Hill, Frankham Fell h   Carr Hill means rocky. Frankham Fell may mean Franka's settlement. These names are not in old documents. Warden CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 388605m 569488m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 167m Garmin GPS 12 8m WSW of Carr Hill, Frankham Fell d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 250cm 145cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Frankham Fell farm NO NO 200 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 200m Impossible   Pasture       Two rings without a cup. Hard Concentric rings: at least 1 found |Concentric rings| |1|
722 Carry House Camp, Birtley       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The Rev Rome Hall records that the 'site includes a rectangular enclosure with hut circles, cairns and ancient dwellings.’   NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         The Rev G. Rome Hall wrote, ' I have met with one cup-marked stone in a hut--circle at High Carry House.' A minimum of three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
528 Cartington Carriageway a   Cartington is Certa's people's hill. Rothbury CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404608m 602283m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 233m Garmin GPS 12 47m SW of Cartington Carriageway. The carved rock is on heather-covered plateau with a little scattered stone before the land falls sharply away. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Between Cartington Carriageway a and b are three cairns, possibly burials, that lie between a stone dump wall and a path leading down to a huge block of stone and a quarry. Cartington Carriageway NO NO 47 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Twenty cups and a scatter of 11midget cups. Hard Midget cup: at least 11 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 20 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |11|20|
529 Cartington Carriageway b   Cartington is Certa's people's hill. Rothbury CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404759m 602170m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 230m Garmin GPS 12 13m SW of Cartington Carriageway. Overlooks Old Rothbury Iron Age fort. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 190cm 130cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Cartington Carriageway NO NO 13 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Almost invisible on this slab are many small cups and rings, including tiny cups that seem to be pick marks ready to be joined together into grooves. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Rosette: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 6 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found. Rosette enclosed by a ring: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 4 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line|Rosette|Ring|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and multiple rings|Cup and ring|Cup and penannular|Rosette enclosed by a ring|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |1|7|1|1|1|2|2|6|2|2|4|
530 Cartington Carriageway c   Cartington is Certa's people's hill.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   Isolated stone E of Cartington Carriageway b. Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Cup and arc. Not Recorded Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |1|
952 Cartington Carriageway d   Cartington is Certa's people's hill. Rothbury CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404760m 602174m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 231m Garmin GPS 12 4m N of Cartington Carriageway b, 8m SW of Cartington Carriageway, and about. 50cm S of the track leading downhill from the carriageway to the large fluted rock. Overlooks the Old Rothbury Iron Age fort. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 75cm 70cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Cartington Carriageway NO NO 8 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single cup on the side of a rock. Loose Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
953 Cartington Carriageway e   Cartington is Certa's people's hill. Rothbury CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404887m 602134m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 232m Garmin GPS 12 16m S of Cartington Carriageway, on the edge of a small crag that cannot be seen from carriageway. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 820cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Cartington Carriageway NO NO 16 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Two cups. There may be a ring around one of them but this would need to be verified with rubbing. Loose Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
954 Cartington Carriageway f   Cartington is Certa's people's hill. Rothbury CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404781m 602161m 2.8m Garmin GPS 12 230m Garmin GPS 12 Large outcrop rock 6m SW of Cartington Carriageway. Overlooks the Old Rothbury Iron Age fort. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 550cm 140cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Cartington Carriageway NO NO 6 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A minumum of two large shallow cups. Loose Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
496 Cartington Castle   Cartington is Certa's people's hill.         Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Museum of Antiquities Find spot: NU 037 053 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Near Cartington Castle a most unusual burial was found in a hollowed-out tree trunk that formed a coffin covered with stone. The site is north of Cartington old farmhouse, east of the Lorbottle road; there is nothing to be seen of it today. Half a mile away another prehistoric discovery was made, not related, when a triangular- shaped stone was found lying in a field facedown. It was moved to the farmhouse, where it was photographed leaning against the wall, and eventually it ended up at the Museum of Antiquities, Newcastle. It was thought at the time to be part of a cist, with no further details given. The stone is triangular. At the apex the point of a groove that echoes that of the triangle, the base of which has been fashioned into a curve, fits into the point. Inside the continuous groove is an arrangement of two singles cups each with a ring that touches at the bottom, and three cups placed in a triangular pattern above them. Outside is a cup. A groove from the bottom of the curved triangular groove runs down the rock, turns at right angles and meets a parallel groove from an oval that contains a cup at each end. There are smaller cups. Where the two parallel grooves of the two enclosures meet, the line continues and branches out to a small cup at either side. There is a strong design element in this, governed by the shape of the rock (which may have been deliberately shaped for this purpose or have been found like that naturally). The main motifs fit inside it with a definite relationship and sense of space. A similar use of a triangular shape is seen at Baildon caravan site, Yorkshire. Not Recorded Curved groove: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 2 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 4 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 2 found |Curved groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring|Oval groove enclosing cups| |1|2|4|11|2|2|
526 Cartington Cave   Cartington is Certa's people's hill.         Garmin GPS 12       Private   NO Destroyed Destroyed Location: NU 0444 0186 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible         The cave or rock overhang was destroyed by quarrying; it was reported that some unspecified cup and ring markings were inside it. Unspecified cup and ring markings. Not Recorded      
214 Chatton 1a Chattonpark Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407568m 629057m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 179m Garmin GPS 12 There are motifs on the crown of the rock 10m SW of public footpath. From the west edge there is an uninterrupted view across the Till valley to the tops of the Cheviot Hills. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 1170cm 600cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 10 YES Open Access The panel is located on the Defra conservation walks map. The area falls under the Defra stewardship scheme. Impossible   Conservation     The sense of space, the use of the natural basin and channel are all important parts of the design. Unfortunately, the nineteenth century saw people trying to lay a claim to cheap immortality by bringing up tools to carve their names and the date on the rock. There are motifs on the crown of the rock in the form of parallel serpentine grooves, cups, and simple cups and rings. The main natural feature of the rock is a large irregularly shaped basin from which a channel snakes its way down the slope eastward. This feature seems to have been enhanced. To the south of the channel are groups of domino cups, a cup at the centre of three incomplete rings, a cup and arc, and at the bottom is a cup at the centre of a five-sided box with an external arc. From the arc a groove runs down the slope, parallel to a wavy groove from the box. Below this are two cups enclosed by an angular ring, with angular grooves concentric to it. Already we see two kinds of symbols: roughly circular grooves and more angular grooves. To the north of the main channel, close to it is another box-like figure with a small cup enclosed, but this is faint compared with the cup at the centre of three deeply pecked concentric rings. The cup has a small duct leading from it down the rock, the line of which is extended faintly up the rock as a radius to reach the outer ring. Other faint figures, unattached grooves and incomplete concentric rings lead to the most distinct design of all. This is a cup from which a long groove runs down the rock, almost meeting the channel. Around the cups are three concentric rings and a penannular. Then an unusual variation on the cup and ring theme appears: a small cup above the central one has its own ring that is attached to the fourth penannular around the main central cup. The next two concentric rings follow that pattern, giving the seven concentric rings a distinct crown. The groove from this central cup is joined by a groove from the centre of three concentric penannulars that are distinctly angular. Close by is a square groove with nothing at its centre – an unusual motif. Above the large motif are some faint cups and rings. South of the main motif is a cup at the centre of five concentric rings, this time with no duct leading from it. It lies on the edge of the outcrop, and there is another duct above it leading from the main one, this time away from the channel to the east edge of the rock. The depth of cups and grooves and perhaps the action of water as it runs down the rock has preserved the main figures that we see today. Fainter figures are not necessarily eroded, but may be pecked on faintly with less sense of purpose. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Square groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Parallel grooves: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Square groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Cup and penannular|Multiple penannulars|Linear and angular groove|Multiple arcs|Cup and multiple penannulars|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Cup and multiple arcs|Parallel grooves|Arc|Cup and ring|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |1|6|1|1|1|1|2|1|1|2|1|1|2|2|1|
215 Chatton 1b   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407557m 629056m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 180m Garmin GPS 12 2m SW of Chatton 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 315cm 275cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 12 YES Open Access   Impossible   Conservation         Hard      
216 Chatton 1c   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407562m 629066m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 178m Garmin GPS 12 5m N of the 'Bates' graffiti on Chatton 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 280cm 85cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 15 YES Open Access   Impossible   Conservation       A minimum of 17 midget cups. Hard Midget cup: at least 17 found |Midget cup| |17|
217 Chatton 2 Television Set panel Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407568m 629086m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 185m Garmin GPS 12 24m N of the 'Bates' graffiti on Chatton 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 540cm 125cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 15 YES Open Access   Impossible   Conservation       On a slab of outcrop is a figure known to us as ‘the television set’, on account of its shape. There are two angular grooved enclosures, almost square, mounted on two straight parallel grooves that are joined at the bottom. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Multiple square grooves: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Multiple square grooves| |1|1|
218 Chatton 3   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407566m 629085m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 182m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 880cm 720cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Conservation       There are some incomplete cups and ring motifs scattered over a large area of rock. Whether they are eroded or incomplete is not clear, but the latter is more likely. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 3 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular|Arc|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and multiple penannulars| |7|1|2|3|1|
219 Chatton 4   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407222m 629386m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 184m Garmin GPS 12 In the middle of the hillfort, about 155m NW of the Ordinance Survey Triangulation Station, which is at NU 07318 29288. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 405cm 320cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       On the highest part of the outcrop within the hilltop enclosure where quarrymen have been at work (leaving their wedge marks in the rock) is an ‘occulus’, an eye-shaped motif. At the centre are two discrete cups with two concentric rings enclosed by an arc that follows their curved shape. To the left is a serpentine groove that provides another partial enclosure for the occulus. Above this is a shallow basin on the scalp of the rock that may be partly natural, but which has cup and ring added to its centre. Hard Basin: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 21 found. Occulus: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 2 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found. Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 4 found |Basin|Single or multiple cups|Occulus|Arc|Linear and angular groove|Serpentine groove|Curved groove|Penannular|Cup and ring| |1|21|1|2|3|1|3|2|4|
220 Chatton 5   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407628m 629256m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 183m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the quarry, 24m N of the fence . Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 420cm 290cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic On the west side of the outcrop is a small settlement that includes at least two enclosures. The more northerly takes advantage of a scoop out of the hillside, and is walled. The other enclosure has a pronounced earth and stone wall. The site is sheltered from the east by the outcrop. Chatton stile NO NO 15 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       On the top of the outcrop are signs of extensive quarrying for stone. This extends to the edges, but luckily the most prominent part of this outcrop, visible for miles from the south and east, still has markings. On the top surface are some scattered cups and two major motifs: a cup with a diametric groove at the centre of two concentric rings, and a cup at the centre of four broken rings. There is another cup with two concentric arcs. An unusual feature is that two motifs are pecked onto the downward, almost vertical slope: a cup at the centre of two precisely gapped rings and a cup and penannular with other faint signs of pecking. Hard Midget cup: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular|Cup and multiple penannulars|Cup and multiple arcs|Cup and multiple rings| |3|5|1|2|1|1|
221 Chatton 6a   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407426m 629571m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 173m Garmin GPS 12 35m S of the wall. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 260cm 220cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 31 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       The outcrop slopes and narrows to a point at the north; this triangular shape houses the end of a long groove that ends in a pecked shallow cup. This long groove begins with a cup and two concentric rings. It is joined on the east by another shorter groove that begins at an indistinct motif in the cup and ring tradition. To the left is a similarly-confused or tentative motif figure. The same incompleteness characterises cups and rings to the west of the central groove. Whether they have been badly eroded or were only rough-outs is not clear. They include an almost triangular faint motif. Under turf to the E is a pristine motif that has been re-covered since Mike Stanway and I uncovered it in 1973; we immediately replaced the thin turf after recording it. The motif has a central cup and ring with two interrupted concentric rings that have curved offshoots. It is unique as a design. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Penannular: at least 3 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Multiple penannulars|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup with groove cutting through ring|Cup and multiple penannulars|Arc|Cup and multiple arcs|Penannular|Cup and multiple rings|Multiple arcs|Cup and ring|Cup and groove|Serpentine groove|Linear and angular groove| |6|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|3|2|1|2|1|1|3|
222 Chatton 6b   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407431m 629574m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 174m Garmin GPS 12 3m NE of Chatton 6a and part of the same outcrop. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 165cm 90cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 35 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       The figures are not easy to see except in low light, but there is a cup and ring with a penannular outside, a cup and penannular, a ring with a tiny cup, and a cup and arc with a short external arc. Additionally, there are two tentative arcs, a short groove, and a single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 3 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Arc|Penannular|Cup and ring|Linear and angular groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |1|3|1|2|1|1|
223 Chatton 6c   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407428m 629576m 4.2m Garmin GPS 12 171m Garmin GPS 12 2m NNW of Chatton 6b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 150cm 105cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 35 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       On a partly-quarried block two identical motifs face each other; a cup at the centre of a ring, one with an outside cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |1|1|
224 Chatton 6d   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407465m 629541m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 175m Garmin GPS 12 46m SE of Chatton 6a and 30m WSW of the wall. The rock lies among quarried stones. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 22cm 18cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 23 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       A large cup on a small cobble. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
225 Chatton 6e   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         Beckensall recalls that Chatton 6e was on slope between Chatton 4 and the other Chatton 6 panels, but thinks that it may have been removed.   Not Recorded      
226 Chatton 7   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407428m 629332m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 192m Garmin GPS 12 86m NE of the pile of large rocks, which is close to the Ordinance Survey Triangulation Pillar. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 165cm 75cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 62 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       Six cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
227 Chatton 8a Chattonpark 8a Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407380m 629410m 200m OS Map Sheet 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown           Cups on two sides. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
228 Chatton 8b   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407380m 629410m 200m OS Map Sheet 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         The carved rock is a small slab. Five large cupmarks. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
229 Chatton 9a   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407739m 629403m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 173m Garmin GPS 12 72m ENE of the wall. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Arable YES NO NO NO NO NO 205cm 125cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 100 NO Seek Landowner Permission More than 100 metres from the nearest footpath. Impossible   Tilled   Pile of rocks close to the carvings.   Four cups each with single rings, and a cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |1|4|
230 Chatton 9b   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407796m 629337m 4.2m Garmin GPS 12 166m Garmin GPS 12 About 100m SE of Chatton 9a, along the ridge. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Arable YES NO NO NO NO NO 260cm 135cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 100 NO Seek Landowner Permission More than 100m from the nearest footpath. Impossible   Tilled       Three single cups with penannulars, a cup and a short groove. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 3 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular| |1|1|3|
231 Chatton 10   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible           A cup and ring, cup and arc and two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring| |2|1|1|
232 Chatton 11   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407536m 629123m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 181m Garmin GPS 12 40m NNW of Chatton 2. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 310cm 130cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 15 YES Open Access The panel is located on the Defra conservation walks map. The area falls under the Defra stewardship scheme. Impossible   Conservation       An arc and at least 10 small cups in two concentrations of five. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found. Arc: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Arc| |10|1|
233 Chatton 12   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407360m 629288m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 193m Garmin GPS 12 In a large pile of large rocks 37m E of the Ordinance Survey Triangulation Station, which is at NU 07318 29288. The boulder has a 19th century OS bench mark on it. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 40 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A minimum of two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
861 Chatton 13   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407390m 629242m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 190m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 245cm 125cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 44 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Cup marks and grooves. Pick marks are clearly visible. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 24 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 2 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Linear and angular groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Pick marks| |24|1|1|2|1|
862 Chatton 14   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407257m 629451m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 182m Garmin GPS 12 23m NNE of outer ditch of the hillfort. Has the Defra Conservation badge on it. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 220cm 105cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 115 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A basin and two linked cups. Hard Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 1 found |Two cups linked by a groove|Basin| |1|1|
863 Chatton 15a   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407448m 629137m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 183m Garmin GPS 12 5m N of the quarry edge and within sight of Chatton 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 95cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 50 NO Open Access The panel is located on the Defra conservation walks map. The area falls under the Defra stewardship scheme. Impossible   Pasture       Six cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
864 Chatton 15b   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407439m 629142m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 185m Garmin GPS 12 8m NW of Chatton 15a and 11m S of the fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 305cm 165cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 56 NO Open Access The panel is located on the Defra conservation walks map. The area falls under the Defra stewardship scheme. Impossible   Pasture       Three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
865 Chatton 16   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407834m 629195m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 158m Garmin GPS 12 22m SW of the public footpath running alongside the wall. A single cup on the underside of rock in a field clearance pile of stones. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 70cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO NO 22 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
262 Chatton Sandyford 1   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410383m 626508m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 211m Garmin GPS 12 7m S of the fence and 10m WNW of the cairn. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 60cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 1 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 21 found. Basin: at least 4 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Basin|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove| |21|4|1|2|
263 Chatton Sandyford 2   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410136m 626373m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 220m Garmin GPS 12 45m S of the fence and 6m NE of the cairn. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 105cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 30 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Two cups. One deep and one shallow. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
264 Chatton Sandyford 3   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410282m 626145m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 212m Garmin GPS 12 At the base of the small hill, about 110m SSW of the burn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 105cm 100cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 200 NO Open Access More than 200m from the nearest path. There are closer paths, but these are likely to be used only by sheep. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Grooves and cups, including a line of cups. Hard Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 28 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 4 found |Cups in a straight or curved line|Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove| |1|28|4|
265 Chatton Sandyford 4   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410017m 626591m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 222m Garmin GPS 12 At the top end the hollow way and 74m SSE of the Jobey cairn. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 60cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 200 NO Open Access More than 200m from the nearest footpath. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Sixteen cups, of which five are midget cups. Hard Midget cup: at least 5 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |5|11|
266 Chatton Sandyford 5   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410012m 627040m 4.7m Garmin GPS 12 199m Garmin GPS 12 18m NW of the path. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 80cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 18 NO Open Access The panel was not visible from the path when it was recorded due to bracken cover, but is likely to be visible when the bracken is down. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Sixteen cups, including two countersunk cups, and three instances of two cups linked by grooves. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 14 found. Cups countersunk: at least 2 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Cups countersunk|Two cups linked by a groove| |14|2|3|
267 Chatton Sandyford 6   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 409976m 627112m 4.4m Garmin GPS 12 205m Garmin GPS 12 Kerb stone on the perimeter of the cairn and 3m from the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO YES NO NO 50cm 25cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
268 Chatton Sandyford 7   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 409946m 627101m 4.2m Garmin GPS 12 202m Garmin GPS 12 39m W of Chatton Sandyford 6 and 2m from the path. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 70cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 2 YES Open Access The path may be a sheep track. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Cups and grooves, including a cup with an attached groove. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove| |11|1|1|
269 Chatton Sandyford 8   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410003m 626917m 2.8m Garmin GPS 12 211m Garmin GPS 12 31m WSW of the public footpath. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 40cm 25cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 31 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
270 Chatton Sandyford 9   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410024m 626895m 2.8m Garmin GPS 12 210m Garmin GPS 12 30m ESE of Chatton Sandyford 8 and 3m NW of the public footpath. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO YES NO NO 60cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     This carved rock may be a kerbstone A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
271 Chatton Sandyford 10   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 409933m 626685m 4m Garmin GPS 12 212m Garmin GPS 12 About 80m NW of the Jobey cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 75cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is in a cairnfield. Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 200 NO Open Access The panel is more than 200m from the nearest footpath. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
752 Chesters Roman site a Cilurnum     0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown The carved rock was on the porch on the museum at Chesters but it is now missing. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         The Rev G. Rome Hall recorded that a prehistoric carved stone three feet long and two feet six wide ‘may be seen in the portico at Chesters, where a large slab of sandstone is incised with cups, singly and in groups, and has intersecting irregular grooves or channels.’ It was found to the east of the North gateway. A broken slab that is divided by branching grooves, on either side of which are twelve cup marks and a groove. Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |3|12|
753 Chesters Roman site b Cilurnum     0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum On display at the Arbeia Roman Fort & Museum. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       At NY 914 708 an excavation of the north bank of the River Tyne on the site of the Roman bridge abutment revealed a sandstone cobble with three clear cup marks. It was found at the south east terminal of the northern water channel. Wedge marks on its long edge show that it had been split off a larger piece. As the Romans used quarries some distance away from the Wall, it is not possible to say precisely where it came from. Three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
497 Chirnells Moor a   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Thropton CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404164m 602727m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 216m Garmin GPS 12 Among the gorse bushes about 9m west of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 100cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 9 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture         Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 13 found. Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Cup and ring|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and penannular| |13|2|1|1|1|
498 Chirnells Moor b   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Thropton CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404230m 602818m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 225m Garmin GPS 12 10m NW of Chirnells Moor d and about 1m W of the track (at its nearest point). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 335cm 105cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 1 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture       A thin slab with seven cups of different sizes, one with a faint arc. Hard Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Cup and groove with arc|Single or multiple cups| |1|6|
499 Chirnells Moor c   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Thropton CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404239m 602817m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 223m Garmin GPS 12 5m ENE of the farmtrack and 3,5m NNE of Chirnells Moor d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 130cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 5 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture       A slab has a cup an broken ring, the end of which joins the cup and is crossed by a curved groove. There is another cup and groove. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |1|2|1|
500 Chirnells Moor d   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Thropton CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404237m 602812m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 223m Garmin GPS 12 2m E of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 265cm 205cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 2 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture       This large slab, like a broken square, has the most rings. One ring has an open centre. Four rings have single cups. Four rings have one penannular. One cup has a small arc. There are about 30 cups of different sizes and depths. There are some faint grooves, some natural. Hard Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Concentric rings: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 3 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found. Angular groove around a cup: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 35 found |Cup and multiple penannulars|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Concentric rings|Cup and multiple rings|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring|Angular groove around a cup|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|1|1|3|3|1|1|1|35|
501 Chirnells Moor e   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Thropton CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404213m 602809m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 225m Garmin GPS 12 80cm NW of Chirnells Moor h. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 125cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 20 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture       A small slab has ten well-made cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups| |10|
502 Chirnells Moor f   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Thropton CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404225m 602810m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 222m Garmin GPS 12 12m WSW of Chirnells Moor d and 7m W of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 7 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture       A thin slab has a large cup at one end and faint traces of three others. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
503 Chirnells Moor g   The name Childerlund means the children's land.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible           This slab has nine cups of various sizes. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found |Single or multiple cups| |9|
504 Chirnells Moor h   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Thropton CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404218m 602807m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 222m Garmin GPS 12 16m W of Chirnells Moor d and 12m W of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 1190cm 145cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 12 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture       This large part of the outcrop is separated by grass. There are many cups scattered all over the surfaces, of different sizes, one with a ring and one with a penannular. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 76 found. Basin: at least 2 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Basin|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring| |76|2|1|1|
505 Chirnells Moor i   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Thropton CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404234m 602885m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 225m Garmin GPS 12 26m E of the small farmtrack that veers off the main farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 85cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 26 YES Seek Landowner Permission Not visible when bracken is up Impossible   Pasture       Two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
506 Chirnells Moor j   The name Childerlund means the children's land.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible           This roughly rectangular slab has a cup and ring, a cup at the centre of an arc made by joining two cups together with a curved groove that continues as three small cups in line. There are six other cups, some faint. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring| |6|1|1|1|
507 Chirnells Moor k   The name Childerlund means the children's land.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible         The panel lies beyond the wall that encloses the rest of the Chirnell Moor panels. A small slab has nine small scatted cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found |Single or multiple cups| |9|
508 Chirnells Moor l   The name Childerlund means the children's land.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible           This irregular shaped slab has a natural basin, two cups and rings, two cups and penannulars, one cup and arc, and over twenty other small cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 24 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |1|24|1|2|1|1|
509 Chirnells Moor m   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404344m 602895m 3m Garmin GPS 12 224m Garmin GPS 12 In the middle of the footpath, 2m NNE of the wall. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 130cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO YES 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A long thin slab has two large cups at either end, one with a penannular and the other with an angular ring. Between the two motifs are four cups, and two more outside. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring| |6|1|1|
510 Chirnells Moor n   The name Childerlund means the children's land. Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404401m 602860m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 223m   12m ENE of the wall and 76m ESE of Chirnells Moor m. Adjacent the stream and spring. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 90cm 85cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 1 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 13 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring|Cup and penannular| |13|1|2|1|1|1|
171 Coldmartin 1   Coldmartin means the farm near the pool. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401030m 628027m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 168m Garmin GPS 12 About 400 m ENE of Radio Station. From the Whitsunbank 1a, rock a ridge of sandstone, which houses this panel, is visible, with the tops of the Cheviots beyond. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 330cm 310cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The only recorded archaeological find reported near the site was "an ancient British cist of the rudest form cut out of the rock, in which were found the calcined bones of a human skeleton, and a flint arrowhead that had been subject to the action of fire. Beside this, there were several other tumuli on the hill" (Tate 1865). Not any more. Radio Tower NO NO 35 YES Open Access The pnael is not visible from the closest point to the path, but is visible from further along the path. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     Nothing of archaeological significance has been found in this flattish area between the two sandstone ridges. A marked rock on the south edge of the ridge (not the only exposed outcrop here) has some complex motifs, in which the structure of the rock plays a part. There is also some 19th Century vandalism, where initials and dates have been incised (HCR 1834, for example ). The rock slopes southwards, and there are two levels. The ridge that forms the division has a number of erosion channels that have been enhanced as branching wide grooves. On the upper surface are three cups, a cup and ring that ends in two parallel grooves of the keyhole type, surrounded by an outer penannular, the end of one groove forming a third parallel. Below this is a pear-shape figure similar to that at Weetwood 5: a cup and duct has a penannular, a second arc, then a third penannular with its grooves extended southwards to meet the end of the duct. A fourth groove, a penannular, is concentric to it. The tops of all these penannulars are all squared off. There is a cup and single ring below this. To the SW is a curving motif: a cup with a sickle-shaped groove round it, a 'shepherd's crook' above that, and all of it enclosed by an extended, deep L-shaped groove. This figure lies on the ridge edge, and to the west is a penannular and a cup that has a long, slightly serpentine groove, that reaches one of the main channels after a small gap. Beside it, lower down the slope, is a large cup with a deep, wide duct, and a ring around it. The rest of the SW part of the rock has a number of faint cups and a cup and arc, but there is also a long, linear groove, and a cup, ring and duct at the centre of four other rings. The duct from the central ring is directed towards the central channel that flows from N-S down the rock. Where the channels link, one of the enclosed spaces has an inverted U-shaped groove, faintly picked. On the eastern part of the rock there are several figures, below the ridge. There is a cup and two rings, lightly linked To a cup surrounded by a D-shaped groove, itself linked to the beginning of the channels. Below these two is a small cup with a very thin duct, and three irregular rings, the outer one distinctly flattened at the bottom of the slope. At the foot of the slope, where the rock is relatively smooth, a large, flat-bottomed cup is the centre of three wide rings, with a cup below. Above this is a small cup and ring and a cup and penannular. In the south corner where the rock steps down is a cup and duct, a penannular, and an outer oval-shaped groove where the duct ends. There are other, fainter figures: an arc, a cup, a penannular and an unusual groove outside it that dips at both ends to the penannular, with an arc above it. The figure is attached to another below it by two grooves that link up with the circle that surrounds a cup and duct projecting further down the rock. One of the interesting things about this rock is the way in which its natural surface irregularities and its slope have been incorporated into the design. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 4 found. Cup and penannular: at least 3 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple keyholes: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Ring|Cup and groove with penannular|Curved groove|Linear and angular groove|Cup and penannular|Arc|Multiple penannulars|Cup and groove with multiple arcs|Cup and ring|Cup with groove cutting through ring|Cup and multiple keyholes|Cup and multiple rings|Cup and groove with arc| |10|1|1|1|3|4|3|1|1|1|2|1|1|1|1|
172 Coldmartin 2   Coldmartin means the farm near the pool. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400978m 627833m 3m Garmin GPS 12 162m Garmin GPS 12 25m NE of Coldmartin 3 and 75m south of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 210cm 150cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Radio Tower NO NO 75 YES Open Access The boulder is visible from nearest point to the path, but is visible from further along the path. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A cup between two arc around which there is a large arc. A large cup between two arcs. One cup and ring. Four cups and short groove. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 5 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring|Arc|Linear and angular groove| |4|1|5|1|
173 Coldmartin 3   Coldmartin means the farm near the pool. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400958m 627816m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 163m Garmin GPS 12 28m NE of the wall and 77m SSW of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 510cm 210cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Radio Tower NO NO 77 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard Curved groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with interior groove: at least 1 found |Curved groove|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Cup and ring with interior groove| |1|3|1|1|
174 Coldmartin 4   Coldmartin means the farm near the pool. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401005m 628049m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 172m Garmin GPS 12 32m NW of Coldmartin 1 and 3m S of the path. The cups are partially covered by vegetation. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 710cm 330cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Radio Tower NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A minimum of seven cups, two of which are linked by a groove. Hard Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Two cups linked by a groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|5|
1008 Coldmartin Tower   Coldmartin means the farm near the pool. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400900m 626910m 10m OS Map Sheet       Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         'Originally Coldmartin Tower was about 8 metres square, and its walls around 1.5 metres wide. All that remains today is a section of the southwest wall standing in parts over 2.5 metres high, and an uneven, raised interior comprised of fallen masonry… One stone in the tower base appears to bear a Bronze Age cup mark' (http://sine.ncl.ac.uk). A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
751 Corbridge Coria     0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum The panel is visible on site. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         A massive block of sandstone lies on the foundations of buildings to the north of Stanegate within the Roman settlement of Coria. It is not possible to say whether the Romans cut it from outcrop rock to incorporate in the building; it seems most likely that prehistoric people made the pattern on this flat-topped boulder, as the design has not been cut up. The site is a multi-phase one, with both Mesolithic and Iron Age represented. A four-sided groove with rounded corners encloses a central cup that has an arc formed by linking two small cups with a curved groove. Also enclosed are two large cups joined together to form an oval and seven other cups. The rest of the rock has nine large and some smaller cups. Four of the large cups are placed in a line parallel to the rock edge. The whole surface has been used, and the depth of the motifs is impressive. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 23 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove|Oval groove enclosing cups| |23|1|1|
928 Corby's Crags Open   A 'corby' is a crow. Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 412794m 609629m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 213m Garmin GPS 12 Above Corby's Crags Rock Shelter. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 730cm 425cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A basin and groove. Loose Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Basin| |1|1|
375 Corby's Crags Rock Shelter   A 'corby' is a crow. Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 412792m 609626m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 214m Garmin GPS 12 Visible from the road that runs past Edlingham church, castle and viaduct and from these structures is a long oblique slit of a natural rock shelter beneath a dome of sandstone on the horizon. Although it is not the highest part of the range, which rises to a hill that has some boulders that look as though they may have belonged to a disturbed monument such as a stone circle, it has one of the finest viewpoints in the area, with Thrunton Crags and the whole of the Cheviot Hills visible. 25m SW of the fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO NO NO YES 730cm 235cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     The site was discovered when a local teacher brought to me (Stan Beckensall) some pottery rim sherds that he had dug up in the shelter. When I went at once to the site it was late afternoon and the low rays of the setting sun picked out a large basin with a groove running from it and a groove surrounding it. This is near the top of the dome, which has been cut into to provide a boundary between Percy and Swinburne lands (marked P/S on the rock) and continues down the rock in a series of cut steps. The boundary continues in the opposite direction as a wire fence. The dome outcrop has been partially quarried, with signs of millstone extraction, and this has confused the identification of what may be cup marks. There are two standing stones on the slope below the overhang. Outside the fence boundary are disused bell pits for coal extraction, now filled in and grassed over. I excavated the floor of the rockshelter, where there was a mixture of artefacts from the Middle Stone Age flint knapping (c. 8,ooo years ago) to modern glass, clay pipes, teacup and a penknife. This place had sheltered many people; an armchair and ledges cut into solid rock with metal tools was a good place to sit in a rock overhang with part of the open end screened off. On the floor, leading to a triangular stone that covered a cremation burial in a food vessel of c. 2,000BC was a groove leading to it, picked out with a hard stone tool. Although it is not possible to be categorical about this, there is likely to be a link between the pick marks on the floor and the basin and groove above. It is safe to say that no matter what the time-span may be, the place was of great significance to the makers of the motifs and those who buried the cremated remains of one of their people under the rock floor with a flat stone on top. A stray find nearby of an equal barb and tang arrowhead links the pot chronologically with hunting in the area. I excavated the whole surface of the shelter and the standing stone 5m away on the slope; the latter proved to have been erected not in a pit, but by wedging its wide flat base with stones to prevent it from toppling over. A definite link between the time the stone was erected and the prehistoric use of the shelter cannot be made, but is likely. Below the rock shelter towards the road, on a sloping platform there is an enclosure, possibly Iron Age, with two concentric walls that end at the cliff edge above a small waterfall. On the floor, leading to a triangular stone that covered a cremation burial in a food vessel of c. 2,000BC was a groove leading to it, picked out with a hard stone tool. Although it is not possible to be categorical about this, there is likely to be a link between the pick marks on the floor and the basin and groove above. Hard Curved groove: at least 1 found |Curved groove| |1|
527 Crocky's Heugh a     Tosson CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405300m 603800m 200m OS Map Sheet 0m   Lies 50m W of the gravel road that leads from the Thropton-Cartington Castle road before it joins the Cartington Carriageway. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         The location of this rock proved difficult until Ian and Irene Hewitt researched the documentation in the SMR; this, coupled with dedicated fieldwork, showed that it lay 50m west of the gravel road that leads from the Thropton-Cartington Castle road before it joins the Cartington Carriageway. The outcrop is an extensive viewpoint over the valley to the north and east. At the time of recording it was covered with very thick heather, which accounts for its being so difficult to find. The slab of marked rock has large cups, some smaller ones, and two cups with a penannular each. There are two cups on one edge. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 32 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular| |32|2|
1113 Crocky's Heugh b     Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405300m 603800m 200m OS Map Sheet 0m Garmin GPS 12 Within a quarry. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         This panel 'is likely to be the quarry site used by Newbigin to fix the location of Crocky's Heugh (a). Within this quarry site is the massive rock table where he notes the traces of three cup marks. In fact there are five: one solitary large example and a series of four. Random cups are in evidence elsewhere of Crocky's Heugh' (Ian and Irene Hewitt fieldnotes, 1992) Five cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
97 Cuddy's Cave     Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400360m 631010m 100m OS Map Sheet 0m   From the minor road to the west of the scarp, Cuddy's Cave is visible, and this small dome of sandstone juts out from the scarp. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         There are many similarly-named caves in the north, from a pet name for St.Cuthbert, whose body is said to have rested there on its long journey from Lindisfarne. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. Not Recorded Curved groove: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found |Curved groove|Cup and ring|Cup and multiple rings| |2|2|2|
494 Debdon Whitefield       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Among quarrying, bellpits for coal extraction and some modifications of small streams connected with the hydraulic re-arrangements on the Cragside estate is a cairnfield on the edge of the slopes of Soulby Shield, overlooked by a standing stone. There is also a small pre-Roman group of stone-based roundhouses. Stan Beckensall has not been able to locate this panel. The kerb of one of the kerbstones of a cairn was reported to have 27 small cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 27 found |Single or multiple cups| |27|
179 Deershed Plantation portable The earlier name of this panel may have been ‘Island Plantation     0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The earlier name of this plantation may have been ‘Island Plantation.’ If so, it is the place where in 1934 Mr Davidson reported ‘an unrecorded camp’ and ‘the vest pocket edition sculptured rock found by Mr Wake and given to the Black Gate Museum.’ The triangular shaped stone has been used to good effect. The apex is the end of the groove leading from a cup around which are three concentric rings that stop at the groove. The pick marks are visible, especially at the edges in the irregular edge of the outer groove. Not Recorded Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|
318 Dod Law (Maclaughlan)   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         Maclaughlan (1864) recorded a cup and ring mark on outcrop in the Dod Law area, which is no longer visible.   Not Recorded      
46 Dod Law 'cist'   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       A large stone on show at Museum of Antiquities is from Dod Law and this supposed cist cover has some interesting features. It is apparently complete, slightly damaged in moving, and the whole-uneroded surface has been pecked with a heavy, wide-bladed stone chisel. The marks on the rock are fresh, as though the rock had been covered in antiquity, so if it were a cist cover it might have been placed decorated face down, or buried. Donated to the Museum of Antiquities by the Reverend Cannon Greenwell in 1909. The large stone is apparently complete, slightly damaged in moving, and the whole-uneroded surface has been pecked with a heavy, wide-bladed stone chisel. The main motifs are four concentric rings around a boss, and the rings are made partly by straight lines. Outside this figure, which neatly occupies nearly half of the rock, are deep pick marks, some joined. There is a similarity between the way the surface of this rock has been battered with the portable slab found during the hillfort excavation (Smith 1989, Beckensall 2001), except that the pick marks are widespread over the rock surface. It is unusual to cover the whole surface in this way. Not Recorded Concentric rings: at least 1 found |Concentric rings| |1|
826 Dod Law cist (Procter)   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Alnwick Castle Alnwick Castle Museum (ACM188) Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Land clearance and quarrying have caused inevitable casualties to prehistory. William Procter (1874) wrote "There are several barrows on the Dod Law…from one, close to the Dod Law camp, forming part of a cist with a ring and cup marking, was taken and is now at Alnwick Castle." Cup and multiple ring marking. Not Recorded      
825 Dod Law Enclosure (Tate)   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12   Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Tate (1865) records another panel of motifs in the area of the Dod Law Enclosure that we have not been able to find. In Plate III fig.2 he draws a large slab of rock with a scatter of interesting motifs, one having four concentric circles around a cup and groove, and other figures linked by a long groove. He says, " High up on the crest of the hill, thirteen figures chiefly of typical forms are traceable on another rock. Some are united by a wavy groove." He later says that they are on the same "high moorland" as Dod Law Quarry a, but this is a long way from the hillfort. It is therefore not clear where his rock is. In Plate III fig.2 Tate (1865) draws a large slab of rock with a scatter of interesting motifs, one having four concentric circles around a cup and groove, and other figures linked by a long groove. He says, " High up on the crest of the hill, thirteen figures chiefly of typical forms are traceable on another rock. Some are united by a wavy groove." Not Recorded      
37 Dod Law Enclosure Site   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400795m 631620m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 207m Garmin GPS 12 9m NE of the public footpath at the base of the destroyed cairn. There is a small path leading to the panel. It is within view of the triangulation pillar. The carvings are not easy to find in long bracken. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 145cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic E and SE of the Dod Law The Main Rock A are two enclosures of unknown date. The furthest one, beyond the triangulation pillar, is roughly circular, and, on a single outcrop. Wooler Golf Club NO YES 0 NO Open Access The panel is visible from the main public footpath, which is 9m to the SW.of it. Difficult   Moorland (rough pasture)     The outcrop is at the centre of a destroyed cairn, which makes it doubly important, for its position in the landscape, with views of many kilometres east and towards the Till before it breaks through the scarp to the plain, has a Neolithic and possible Early Bronze Age significance. There are other cairns built over rocks with motifs in Northumberland. Tate (1865) records another panel of motifs in this area that we have not been able to find. In Plate III fig.2 he draws a large slab of rock with a scatter of interesting motifs, one having four concentric circles around a cup and groove, and other figures linked by a long groove. He says, " High up on the crest of the hill, thirteen figures chiefly of typical forms are traceable on another rock. Some are united by a wavy groove." Tate (1865) later says that they are on the same "high moorland" as Dod Law Quarry Site A, but this is a long way from the hillfort. It is therefore not clear where his rock is. There is a cluster of 24 cups at one end of the rock, two crossed grooves ending in cups, and a cup surrounded by a ring with a V-shaped groove attached, the latter touching the crossed grooves. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 24 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Crossed groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Crossed groove| |24|1|1|1|
43 Dod Law excavation - site object 1   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Recovered during the excavation of the Iron Age fort by Dr Chris Smith (Smith 1989). Excavation site object number: 1. Found in area C in topsoil overspill over a pile of stones. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       By the time the Iron Age fort and its enclosures were built, the significance of the markings may have faded away, so that the marked rock-surfaces became merely sources of building material. The portable is 5cm. thick, regular. The cup is 1cm. deep, 5.5cm. diameter, and has peck marks that go outside the cup. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
42 Dod Law excavation - site object 13   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Recovered during the excavation of the Iron Age fort by Dr Chris Smith (Smith 1989). Excavation site object number: 13 Found in area A in the rubble that collapsed down the slope of the inner rampart, of which it was probably part, this is a 6cm. thick slab, with a pecked cup 1cm. deep, 6.5 cm. diameter. It is not likely to be from outcrop. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       By the time the Iron Age fort and its enclosures were built, the significance of the markings may have faded away, so that the marked rock-surfaces became merely sources of building material. A 6cm thick slab, with a pecked cup 1cm deep, 6.5 cm diameter. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
45 Dod Law excavation - site object 25   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Recovered during the excavation of the Iron Age fort by Dr Chris Smith (Smith 1989). Excavation site object number: 25. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       By the time the Iron Age fort and its enclosures were built, the significance of the markings may have faded away, so that the marked rock-surfaces became merely sources of building material. A roughly triangular-shaped stone of uniform 9cm thickness, with cups on both sides - making it impossible to be destroyed outcrop. The left-hand cup is very well-made, 2cm. deep, with clear pick marks. The other cup is tentatively picked, shallower. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
41 Dod Law excavation - site object 26   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Recovered during the excavation of the Iron Age fort by Dr Chris Smith (Smith 1989). Excavation site object number: 26. Found in the demolished remains of the inner rampart in area B, this is a large, flat sandstone. Pick marks are not visible, so it could have been cut from exposed outcrop. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       By the time the Iron Age fort and its enclosures were built, the significance of the markings may have faded away, so that the marked rock-surfaces became merely sources of building material. Two cups. The full cup is 1.5cm. deep and 8cm. diameter. It has a fairly uniform 11cm. thickness. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
125 Dod Law excavation - site object 29   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Recovered during the excavation of the Iron Age fort by Dr Chris Smith (Smith 1989). Excavation site object number: 29. This large flat block of sandstone was found among other stones that flanked and covered decorated outcrop during enclosure building. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       By the time the Iron Age fort and its enclosures were built, the significance of the markings may have faded away, so that the marked rock-surfaces became merely sources of building material. The main motif is a cup and duct, surrounded by a penannular groove, but the surface was then stippled with single blows of a heavy, sharp pick. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Cup and groove with penannular| |1|1|
44 Dod Law excavation - site object 31   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Recovered during the excavation of the Iron Age fort by Dr Chris Smith (Smith 1989). Excavation site object number: 31 Found in area C, found in loose stones heaped on outcrop, and probably broken from outcrop. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       By the time the Iron Age fort and its enclosures were built, the significance of the markings may have faded away, so that the marked rock-surfaces became merely sources of building material. The portable is 20cm. at its thickest, the cup is 2cm. deep, conical, and 5cm. diameter, and there are stray pick marks. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
124 Dod Law excavation - site object 32   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Recovered during the excavation of the Iron Age fort by Dr Chris Smith (Smith 1989). Excavation site object number: 32. Found in area C. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       By the time the Iron Age fort and its enclosures were built, the significance of the markings may have faded away, so that the marked rock-surfaces became merely sources of building material. The rock has a maximum thickness is 14cm. There are 9 big pick marks, two joined, on the flat surface, the underside being rounded. The marks have been struck from the right by a tool with a cutting edge/point of about 1cm. across. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found |Pick marks| |1|
29 Dod Law Excavation Site (Tate)   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Mr.Tate says, "Within six yards to the northward of the principal camp there, one curious figure appears on the surface of the outcropping rock which slopes eastward - Plate III, fig. 3. It consists of three concentric circles around a cup, but the outer circle on one side curves outward, and from the second circle there comes a groove, from which another groove branches off at an angle." There is a difference in what we see. The extension is a box-like design, similar to that on Dod Law Excavation Site Rock A2. The rock and its motifs lie inside the extension of the hillfort. Mr.Tate says, "Within six yards to the northward of the principal camp there, one curious figure appears on the surface of the outcropping rock which slopes eastward - Plate III, fig. 3. It consists of three concentric circles around a cup, but the outer circle on one side curves outward, and from the second circle there comes a groove, from which another groove branches off at an angle." Not Recorded      
30 Dod Law Excavation Site Rock A   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400403m 631776m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 194m Garmin GPS 12 45m SW of public footpath and 3m SSW from the edge of the Golf Course. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 420cm 230cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club NO NO 45 YES Open Access   Difficult   Moorland (rough pasture)       1) A promontory of sandstone has a groove across it, a cup and two rings, and an arc over a cup. Another faint penannular around a cup is the third motif. 2) is more complete. The largest figure has a central cup with a complete ring, two penannulars, and a possible faint third inside, and an angular groove round an external cup. Above this motif is a cup, two rings and a duct, and two linked figures of unusual type. One has a cup, penannular, and a groove that runs from the cup to the outer penannular. The second is a cup with two complete rings, from the outer ring of which project a looped enclosure, a wavy groove, and two grooves that link it with the outer penannular if its neighbour. There are clear pick marks in the smaller figures. Holes bored into the edge of the rock are for iron bars used in quarrying. 3) The excavation revealed hitherto-unknown marked surfaces lying under walls made of cobbles. There is a rare occulus - two cups with a groove that bends in between them. A cup and penannular is faced with another penannular around a cup from which a groove aims at it, but does not reach it. Hard Parallel grooves: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Angular groove around a cup: at least 1 found. Multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Occulus: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found |Parallel grooves|Curved groove|Serpentine groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Angular groove around a cup|Multiple penannulars|Cup and ring|Occulus|Cup and groove with penannular|Linear and angular groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and penannular|Cup and multiple rings| |1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|1|2|2|
31 Dod Law Excavation Site Rock B   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400399m 631767m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 193m Garmin GPS 12 7m SW of Dod Law Excavation Site Rock A and 54m SE of the public footpath Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 440cm 250cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club NO NO 54 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     This outcrop was uncovered during excavation, and has a spread of motifs (B1 - B3). This outcrop was uncovered during excavation, and has a spread of motifs (B1 - B3). B1 has one penannular around a cup, a cup, and two cups with rings that flow into each other, with a groove reaching the edge of the rock. B2 is two cups. B3, still partly unexcavated, has a series of rings around cups, and one cup and penannular. Hard Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found |Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and ring|Cup and penannular| |1|1|7|1|3|2|
32 Dod Law Excavation Site Rock C   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside The rock has been covered over. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Unknown         The rock has been covered over. Three motifs, a cup and ring and cup and penannular, all having been pecked with a finely-pointed tool. Not Recorded Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring| |1|1|
33 Dod Law Excavation Site Rock D   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside The rock has been covered over. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Unknown         The rock has been covered over. A pennanular. Not Recorded Penannular: at least 1 found |Penannular| |1|
816 Dod Law Excavation Site Rock E   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400399m 631760m 4.2m Garmin GPS 12 193m Garmin GPS 12 2m S of Dod Law Excavation Site Rock B and 56m SW of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 610cm 180cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club NO NO 56 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A minimum of four cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
824 Dod Law Excavation Site Rock F   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400389m 631779m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 198m Garmin GPS 12 12m WNW of Dod Law Excavation Site Rock A, 58 m WNW of the public footpath, and 1-2m SW of the Wooler Golf Course. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 235cm 175cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Course NO NO 58 NO Open Access   Difficult   Moorland (rough pasture)     All the motifs on the outcrop that is partly covered with Iron Age walls share many characteristics, and there is no reason to believe that they were not made contemporaneously. What is interesting is that the deepest outcrop, Rock F, has such tentative pick-markings, as though an idea was being tried out. It is also interesting that a hard stone implement, fashioned at one end and battered on the heel, was found in this area. Although it cannot definitely be tied chronologically to the motifs, it is a likely tool used in their making. A cup and ring, cup and penannular and an arc, all having been pecked with a finely-pointed tool. Hard Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found |Arc|Cup and penannular|Ring| |1|1|1|
829 Dod Law portable   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."         Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Find spot: NU 003 318 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Found north of the hillfort. The small cup-marked cobble lay on the surface close to a low-profile cairn from which the Dod Law 'cist' slab might have come. Small single cup-marked cobble. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
39 Dod Law Quarry Site a   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400779m 631991m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 182m Garmin GPS 12 Between the public footpath from Buttony and Kitty's Plantation and the wire fence to the W, and looking NE towards the quarry, is a flat, sloping outcrop exposed in the heather. The carved rock is about 130m SE of the pair of standing stones, which are to the SE of the fence. The standing stones are at NU 00695 32068. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 390cm 220cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club NO NO 130 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     Tate (1865) records and draws this rock, and Maclaughlan (1864) refers to it. The rock has very well-made motifs. To the E are four concentric penannulars around a cup and groove, the groove meeting a crack that divides the rock. A large shallow cup meets the outer penannular. To the SW are two penannulars around a central cup, from which a groove runs southeast. There are three other cups on the surface. To the E of the crack is a cup and a partial ring. What is special about the motifs is that the grooves are so well-spaced and finished. Hard Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 2 found |Cup and ring|Single or multiple cups|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|3|2|
40 Dod Law Quarry Site b   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400750m 632300m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 171m Garmin GPS 12 49m E of the fence and 12m N of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 280cm 160cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club NO NO 12 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
35 Dod Law The Main Rock A   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400494m 631724m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 201m Garmin GPS 12 4m E of public footpath at the top end of the Wooler Golf Course. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 410cm 225cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club NO NO 4 YES Open Access   Difficult   Moorland (rough pasture)     The discovery of this impressive rock is described by Tate (1865): "It was almost entirely covered over with turf till 1855, when it was observed by Mrs Procter, who caused part of it to be cleared; another portion was cleared in the course of this present year, and now an area 16 feet by 8 feet is exposed, covered with figures. The overlying peat which has preserved these singular sculptures, was from a few inches to one foot in depth…Three other groups of figures, curved and irregular forms, are on the scalp of the same rock, but at some distance from each other- Plate VI, figs. 2,3,4. Twenty - four figures are traceable on these stones." Tate (1865) and Bruce (1869) drew the rock, and it is clear that part of it has been removed since then. The main difference from what we see today is that part of the western motifs have gone. Another important observation is that there are three levels of the rock surface, and that the main motifs occupy the lowest level, well-preserved by peat and turf, and deeply pecked into the rock. The right corner of the drawing shows that some cups and partial rings have eroded considerably, or were pecked on lightly. A possible explanation for this is that some rock with older motifs was removed, and new motifs put on at a lower level in prehistoric times. Why? This happened at Fowberry Plantation and at Gayles Moor (Richmondshire). The Fowberry example is particularly striking, because a rectangular block has been removed and a motifs with every pick-mark fresh have been placed at the base of the space left, with eroded motifs on the old surface having similar designs of cups and rings. An explanation is that the rock slab with motifs was deliberately removed for incorporation in a monument. This important, elaborate rock art panel, viewed from the east to appreciate its designs, gives only a limited view of the Milfield Plain, although the Cheviots and scarp edge are in sight. It occupies a place that has all-round views of the landscape. There are three levels of rock, and the motifs on the lowest level are unique. The flat surface has been zoned by a number of curvilinear grooves. At the top left, one of these enclosed a rectangle that in turn enclosed a number of cups, only one of which remains today. A duct from this rectangle joins its surrounding groove, and an oval enclosing three small cups touches this groove at the left-hand corner. In the same half of the rock, at the bottom, is a large arc, with one cup inside, and to the left, separated by four cups, is a slightly wavy long groove. The rest of this half is taken up by a penannular groove (the top of which is flattened), surrounding cups, some of which have tails. A duct leads out of one of these cups through the gap in the penannular, flanked by two small cups. There is a large cup to the right. A crack, grass-filled, separates the two halves of the rock. Between the higher two surfaces is an elongated flat area at the top of which is a complex arrangement of motifs that includes a cup and duct surrounded by a stopped circular groove and a penannular. The duct runs through the inner circle diametrically. To the left of this is a rough square with one rounded corner that encloses ten cups, four of which are arranged in an arc, and two are linked to a duct that bends sharply to cross the rock surface from right to left. Tate's drawing shows that this groove used to link up with the top figures in the left half of the total rock surface. Above the rough square are three cups and a small cup with a penannular. At the crack there is a square surrounding a cup, and below it is a rectangular figure of three concentric grooves with rounded corners, surrounding 14 cups. These cups are arranged in a pattern: a line of four at the top, seven in an arc, and three at the bottom, the central one being the beginning of a duct that runs to the end of the rock. There are a few other scattered cups. The eroded, higher level of rock still has a cluster of nine cups, two cups that have the remains of arcs above them, and four other cups, but the rings on Tate's (1865) drawing are either under grass or worn away. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 49 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found. Cup and groove: at least 3 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 3 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 1 found. Multiple rectangular grooves enclosing cups: at least 1 found. Heart shaped groove containing cups, some connected, and one with a groove leading out: at least 1 f |Single or multiple cups|Arc|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove|Penannular|Cup with groove cutting through ring|Cup and penannular|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Curved groove|Oval groove enclosing cups|Multiple rectangular grooves enclosing cups|Heart shaped groove containing cups, some connected, and one with a groove leading out| |49|1|3|3|1|1|1|3|3|1|1|1|
36 Dod Law The Main Rock B   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400495m 631732m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 198m Garmin GPS 12 6m NNE of Dod Law The Main Rock A and 12m E of the public footpath Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 100cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club NO NO 12 NO Open Access   Difficult   Moorland (rough pasture)       A roughly oval shape enclosing four small cups in an arc and three possible ones. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Occulus: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Occulus| |7|1|
34 Dod Law The Main Rock C   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400496m 631732m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 198m Garmin GPS 12 1m NE of Dod Law The Main Rock B, 14m E of the public footpath, and 7m S of Wooler Golf Course. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top the hill. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 120cm 75cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club NO NO 14 YES Open Access   Difficult   Moorland (rough pasture)       A kind of keyhole design incorporating five cups within its 'handle', and three cups outside. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found. Cup and keyhole: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and keyhole| |8|1|
827 Dod Law The Main Rock D   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Recorded by Tate (1865) but cannot now be found. Tate (1865) records that the rock has two rough ovals surrounding two and three cups, linked by a groove with a bend in it. Not Recorded      
28 Doddington North   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400125m 632311m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 106m Garmin GPS 12 Proceed uphill in a SE direction from the gate onto the minor road that goes to Wooler Golf Course. The carved rock is 58m W of the corner fence post. It is among bracken and gorse bushes. There is a public footpath running past the panel. It is one rock among many other outcrops and is not easy to find. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 335cm 280cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road between Doddington and Wooler Golf Course NO YES 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture     There is a clear view of the Milfield Plain and of the Doddington Burn, a place that overlooks the exit of the valley to the plain. 'There are two motifs on the outcrop surface; to the north are three penannulars around a small cup, with a linear groove that leads away from the cup without touching it. Half of the outer penannular is faint. The south figure is complete, with three penannulars around a cup, open towards the other figure. The open ends of the two motifs thus face each other. Tate's (1865) drawing, although having two similar figures, does not correspond exactly with mine. Hard Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 2 found |Cup and groove|Linear and angular groove|Cup and multiple penannulars| |1|1|2|
828 Doddington North (Rea)   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         There must be other motifs to the east of Doddington North, because Mr. Tate (1865:150) writes, "Several inscriptions, but much obliterated, were found by Mr. Charles Rea, scattered over the surface of another rock about 200 yards further eastward." He does not draw them.   Not Recorded      
38 Doddington Quarry   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."         Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Destroyed Destroyed A marked rock reported at the estimated reference NU007 325 is presumably destroyed by quarrying. Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown             Not Recorded      
831 Doddington Quarry (Hancock Museum)   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Other Find spot: Doddington Quarry, NU 008 327 In the list of donations to the Hancock Museum, but it is no longer traceable. Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         In the list of donations to the Hancock Museum it includes "An inscribed stone, from a sandstone quarry, Wooler." It is no longer traceable   Not Recorded      
25 Doddington Sheepfold a   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401441m 633349m 4.7m Garmin GPS 12 136m Garmin GPS 12 On the NE side of the plantation. Largely covered by pineneedles. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Woodland YES NO NO NO NO NO 100cm 100cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Public footpath NO NO 60 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 60m Impossible   Forestry     Beckensall had previously recorded that the panel was in a well-positioned viewpoint on a crag overlooking the Doddington Dean. One motif is a complete ring around a cup. Another has two large cups beside a small cup with penannular or broken groove, and the beginning of a second ring. Hard Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found |Cup and ring|Arc|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove with arc| |1|2|3|1|
26 Doddington Sheepfold b   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   OS Map Sheet 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Covered by trees. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Forestry       This has a cup and ring, a cup and broken ring, and an arc, with faint traces of other circles. Not Recorded Arc: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Angular groove around a cup: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 2 found |Arc|Single or multiple cups|Angular groove around a cup|Cup and groove with penannular| |3|1|1|2|
27 Doddington Sheepfold c   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda."   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Covered by trees. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           The rock has a penannular around a small cup. Not Recorded Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Cup and penannular| |1|
813 Doddington Sheepfold d   "Dodd" has two meanings: a hill, or the Old English personal name, "Dodda." Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401441m 633347m 4.6m Garmin GPS 12 139m Garmin GPS 12 3.3m SSE of Doddington Sheepfold a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Woodland YES NO NO NO NO NO 210cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Public footpath NO NO 60 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 60m Impossible   Forestry       A single cup with a groove. Hard Cup and groove: at least 1 found |Cup and groove| |1|
778 Dour Hill Long Cairn a       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         The cairn has been known for many years, and is assumed to be a Neolithic long barrow – a rare occurrence in Northumberland. The cairn is 50m long and 2m high. It has an early Bronze Age burial cist in it. Another cist was excavated by George Jobey 200m east of the long cairn, and other possible round barrows were noted in the area. The mound is now in thick forest, which makes exploration difficult, but when I visited it with Paul Frodsham I was able to record some cup marked stones. Others were recorded in the area by Bill Ford and Philip Deakin’s class from the Centre for Lifelong Learning at Newcastle University, private research, and the Borders Archaeological Society. Four cups on a block of sandstone nearbc. 15 cups, one with a faint penannular, on an almost vertical outcrop at the eastern approach to the mound. There is often a problem of deciding what is a naturally formed cup and what is artificial, especially when there are no pick markings visible, either because erosion has smoothed them, or because the cups were smoothed artificially. It is possible, of course, that stone with natural cup marks may be used as the ‘real thing.’ Fortunately, doubts only arise in a few cases. This possibility is taken into account in the drawing. One large and two smaller cups on a block within the mound itself in a disturbed part Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
779 Dour Hill Long Cairn b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   Nearby Dour Hill Long Cairn a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown           Four cups on a block of sandstone. Hard      
780 Dour Hill Long Cairn c       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   An almost vertical outcrop at the eastern approach to the mound. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown           About 15 cups, one with a faint penannular, on an almost vertical outcrop at the eastern approach to the mound. Hard      
781 Dour Hill Long Cairn d       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         Bill Ford's group Orthostat proved to have both sides covered in large cup marks; there may be more, as part of the stone is still buried. Recorded in AA. 5 XXVI) Both sides covered in large cup marks. Hard      
782 Dour Hill Long Cairn e       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         Bill Ford's group A rock with two large cup marks was found part way up to the circular cairn. Two large cup marks. Hard      
547 East Lordenshaw 3a   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405556m 598909m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 245m Garmin GPS 12 About 250m ENE of the Lordenshaw carpark. In heather. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 130cm 100cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 100 YES Open Access Approximately 100m Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. One cup and three curved grooves, one of which is tentative. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |3|1|
548 East Lordenshaw 3b   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405626m 599020m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 246m Garmin GPS 12 19m NE of the hollow way and 24m SE of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 130cm 80cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 24 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. A single cup and a groove. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
549 East Lordenshaw 3c   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405647m 599011m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 242m Garmin GPS 12 21m SE of East Lordenshaw 3b. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 70cm 30cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 45 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. A cup and groove, a cup, and an arc. Hard Arc: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found |Arc|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove| |1|1|1|
550 East Lordenshaw 3d   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405587m 599047m 2.8m Garmin GPS 12 251m Garmin GPS 12 Adjacent the hollow way (on east side) and 14m NNW of the public footpath. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 170cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 14 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Eleven cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found |Single or multiple cups| |11|
551 East Lordenshaw 3e   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405586m 599047m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 244m Garmin GPS 12 3m N of East Lordenshaw 3d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 290cm 245cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 17 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Eight cups. Hard Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 8 found |Cups in a straight or curved line| |8|
552 East Lordenshaw 3f   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405589m 599049m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 241m Garmin GPS 12 1.5m NE of East Lordenshaw 3e. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 240cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 18 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Two cups and faint rings. Hard Cup and ring: at least 2 found |Cup and ring| |2|
553 East Lordenshaw 3g   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405568m 599088m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 249m Garmin GPS 12 41m NNW of East Lordenshaw 3f. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 275cm 165cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 60 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Fourteen cups, some of which are small. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 14 found |Single or multiple cups| |14|
554 East Lordenshaw 3h   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405578m 599093m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 249m Garmin GPS 12 9m E of East Lordenshaw 3g. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 270cm 205cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 60 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Five natural basins and eight small cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
555 East Lordenshaw 3i   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405605m 599150m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 254m Garmin GPS 12 67m NW of the public footpath and 12m SW of the earth wall running downhill. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 850cm 430cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 67 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. All these basins (associated with some of East Lordenshaw 3i) were reported by Mr E R Newbigin in a paper that he read in 1931. He and his friends discovered the whole eastern range of marked rocks, mainly by uncovering them. He had the same problem of distinguishing between natural and artificial markings. He did not draw the rocks, but photographed many, and described their locations. The written account is in Archaeologia Aeliana 4 .1X. 50-67. Notes on a series of Unrecorded Incised Rocks at Lordenshaw, and this was summarised in Northumberland County History, Vol.15. East Lordenshaw 3(i) begins a preference for marking long grooves down the rock that continues along the rest of the ridge. Here we are in no doubt, as the channel heads begin with cups, and cups cluster around the heads. There are seven such cups around the central channel, and a faint cup and ring begins another. There are two basins within the channels, and these may have been natural, but enhanced. The outcrop sheet slopes steeply to the east valley. It is just below a ridge. There are seven cups around the central channel, and a faint cup and ring begins another. There are two basins within the channels, and these may have been natural, but enhanced. Hard Basin: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Long groove: at least 4 found |Basin|Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring|Long groove| |2|7|1|4|
556 East Lordenshaw 3j   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405598m 599158m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 260m Garmin GPS 12 Very small standing stone 1m E of East Lordenshaw 3k. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO YES NO NO NO 45cm 20cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 75 NO Open Access Approximately 75m Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Three cups cups on top, one of which has a groove. Hard Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Cup and groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|2|
557 East Lordenshaw 3k   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405596m 599157m 3m Garmin GPS 12 256m Garmin GPS 12 10m WNW of East Lordenshaw 3i. A box-like boulder. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 95cm 95cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 77 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Naturally--eroded grooves and four cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
558 East Lordenshaw 3l   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405585m 599177m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 263m Garmin GPS 12 8m SSW of the wall running downhill. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 280cm 210cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 105 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General Introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Five cups, and a cup with a faint ring. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |5|1|
559 East Lordenshaw 3m   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405633m 599206m 2.7m Garmin GPS 12 254m Garmin GPS 12 57m ENE of East Lordenshaw 3l. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 190cm 155cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 75 YES Open Access Partially visible from the footpath. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     The whole valley is visible from the East Lordenshaw 3m outcrop. It is in a rigg and furrow-ploughed area, with bright green grassy patches where stone has been removed. There are three cairns on the slope below the rock within 18m. Separated from this panel by unmarked outcrop, and these piles of stone are most likely the result of clearance connected with ploughing. General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. A deep cup surrounded by a ring, with a similar cup and ring below it, and some cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Cup and ring| |10|1|2|
560 East Lordenshaw 3n   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405596m 599154m 4.2m Garmin GPS 12 255m Garmin GPS 12 5m WNW of East Lordenshaw 3i and between East Lordenshaw 3i and 3j/3k. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 310cm 215cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 72 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. A cup and faint ring, four cups, and some modern quarry marks. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |1|1|
561 East Lordenshaw 3o   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside A small piece of rock protruding from heather. Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. One definite cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
562 East Lordenshaw 3p   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405682m 599295m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 244m Garmin GPS 12 At the base of the cairn, 70m NW of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 145cm 100cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 70 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     East Lordenshaw 3p was the first rock to be discovered by Mr Newbigin. To get at the rocks, turf had to be removed. He says that turf was removed and 'one or two of the mounds' were excavated. The marked slab is at the foot of such a mound, placed at a steep slope. He trenched the mound from west to east 'right down to the moor-band', which was undisturbed. He favoured a late eighteenth to early nineteenth--century origin of the mound for it lies in the 'Old Improvement’ on the parish map. He excavated two other mounds and drew a blank. His photograph of the mound and rock shows the decorated slab well clear of the smaller stones, but they have crept back. The slab may be detached outcrop, and lies on the lowest ridge of the hillside, the last panel of rock art before the valley bottom is reached. The surface is covered with a tight white moss/lichen that does not obscure the cups, especially when viewed in strong oblique sunshine. General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Twenty eight cups, of different depths and diameters. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 28 found |Single or multiple cups| |28|
563 East Lordenshaw 3q   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405662m 599358m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 255m Garmin GPS 12 Flat outcrop, surrounded by heather, 7m S of the wall running downhill. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 335cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 175 NO Open Access Approximately 175m; established from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     All the features have weathered well, but it is most likely that they were covered over before the 1930 excavations. General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. This panel is one of the most interesting of the whole area, for this almost flat outcrop, lying close to a field wall, has to the east a large basin that may have been natural originally, but has been worked to produce steep sides and a rounded base, and is almost entirely surrounded by a groove. It made Mr. Newbigin observe that basins are " actually artificial, wholly or in part." A groove leads out of it to the rock edge. There are two cups and ungapped rings, two cups linked by a curving groove to form a horseshoe, some large cups and a mass of small cups that produce a stippled effect that is rare in all rock art. Hard Midget cup: at least 10 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 30 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cluster of midget cups: at least 2 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Basin|Arc|Cup and groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring|Cluster of midget cups| |10|30|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|
564 East Lordenshaw 3r   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   This panel lies between East Lordenshaw 3q and the next outcrops, next to a wall, and is small. Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 3 notes: The East Lordenshaw 3 panels are associated with associated with the hollow ways, but the markings most probably preceded its construction. Other marked rocks in this area are mainly sheet outcrops that continue below the eastern line of the hillfort along the valley to the Coquet. This outcrop ridge, quarried in places, is a dramatic feature of the area, and the exposed rock is grey to white. The exposure of sloping sandstone has led prehistoric people think of making long grooves and channels, together with large cups and cups and rings - characteristics that extend to the sites overlooking the Whitton Burn as it joins the Coquet, and the old golf course to the north. The ridge provides a continuous viewpoint not only along the valley itself in both directions, but to the Cartington--Skirlaw pike--Longframlington Common ranges. Some of the view south west is limited by the rising ground to the east which used to have many cairns on top. The valley has been cleared and cultivated, but it still has an alignment of small standing stones and some cairns that could be either for burial or from agricultural clearance. The west ridge above these outcrops has burial cairns, one standing on decorated outcrop, and there is a line of stones from the hillfort north east on the downslope of the ridge. All the marked rocks lie to the east to north east of this spine. None has been found to the north west, and the West Lordenshaw 1 and 2 panels, already described, mark the limit of rocks with motifs on that side. It is an exhilarating landscape, full of interest. Cragside with its planted acres and Victorian house is prominent, with the high heather moorland beyond, where other survivals of prehistory are found, such as the Debdon Whitefield village of round houses, the cairnfield on Longframlington Common, and more rock art and cairns on Cartington. Two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
566 East Lordenshaw 4a north   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405672m 599385m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 247m Garmin GPS 12 1m NE of East Lordenshaw 4a south. The panels are separated from each other by a strip of turf. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 460cm 310cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 90 NO Open Access Approximately 90m Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 4a-d notes: The outcrops so far seen along the ridge prepare us for the massive series to come, spectacular when they are whitened by the sun. The predominant motifs are large cups (or small basins) and long artificial grooves that run down the slopes into the ground. They begin to the north of the wall that joins the Deer Park wall above it. East Lordenshaw 4a-d are really all part of the same rock, split, with grass growing among the spaces. Mr. Newbigin describes its discovery: "On first examination only a very small portion was visible, the bulk being completely filled in with turf. The lower portion ran into ground." It was excavated, and left open. He found a channel 30' (9m.) long, maximum depth 6" (0.15m.), maximum width 8"(0.20m), the bottom generally rounded and smooth. Its character was "regularly maintained." He recorded 39 cups around the channel head, one being directly at the channel head and connected with it. He mentions the other 26 scattered cups, and one with a single ring. In all, he recorded 66 cups. He counted 27 cups on the vertical face, mostly arranged in vertical rows, and four ducts in addition to the big channel, with some cups on the line of the ducts. He added, "There are six steps or slashes 7"-9" long (0.18m-0.23m) in a horizontal line along the steep slope which appeared when soil was taken away from the lower part of the rock. He mentions a ringed cup with "faintly marked ducts running into each other at right angles, apparently unconnected with any of the cups". It is very important to have such information, and particularly to know that much of the rock was buried, the turf acting as a protection from erosion. The vertical part, for example, was buried, and it is here where we see the unique device of making lines of cups like rows of buttons, some linked with grooves that start higher up the rock, or flanking these grooves. Cups predominate, and the large channel begins with one and is surrounded by them. Eight scattered cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
565 East Lordenshaw 4a south   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405672m 599383m 3m Garmin GPS 12 247m Garmin GPS 12 16m NNE of the wall running downhill. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 280cm 210cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 90 NO Open Access Approximately 90m Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 4a-d notes: The outcrops so far seen along the ridge prepare us for the massive series to come, spectacular when they are whitened by the sun. The predominant motifs are large cups (or small basins) and long artificial grooves that run down the slopes into the ground. They begin to the north of the wall that joins the Deer Park wall above it. East Lordenshaw 4a-d are really all part of the same rock, split, with grass growing among the spaces. Mr. Newbigin describes its discovery: "On first examination only a very small portion was visible, the bulk being completely filled in with turf. The lower portion ran into ground." It was excavated, and left open. He found a channel 30' (9m.) long, maximum depth 6" (0.15m.), maximum width 8"(0.20m), the bottom generally rounded and smooth. Its character was "regularly maintained." He recorded 39 cups around the channel head, one being directly at the channel head and connected with it. He mentions the other 26 scattered cups, and one with a single ring. In all, he recorded 66 cups. He counted 27 cups on the vertical face, mostly arranged in vertical rows, and four ducts in addition to the big channel, with some cups on the line of the ducts. He added, "There are six steps or slashes 7"-9" long (0.18m-0.23m) in a horizontal line along the steep slope which appeared when soil was taken away from the lower part of the rock. He mentions a ringed cup with "faintly marked ducts running into each other at right angles, apparently unconnected with any of the cups". It is very important to have such information, and particularly to know that much of the rock was buried, the turf acting as a protection from erosion. The vertical part, for example, was buried, and it is here where we see the unique device of making lines of cups like rows of buttons, some linked with grooves that start higher up the rock, or flanking these grooves. Cups predominate, and the large channel begins with one and is surrounded by them. Two cups, one with a faint arc. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |1|1|
567 East Lordenshaw 4b   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405681m 599388m 4.8m Garmin GPS 12 243m Garmin GPS 12 About 50cm N of East Lordenshaw 4a north. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 1000cm 900cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 90 YES Open Access Approximately 90m. Partially visible from the path. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 4a-d notes: The outcrops so far seen along the ridge prepare us for the massive series to come, spectacular when they are whitened by the sun. The predominant motifs are large cups (or small basins) and long artificial grooves that run down the slopes into the ground. They begin to the north of the wall that joins the Deer Park wall above it. East Lordenshaw 4a-d are really all part of the same rock, split, with grass growing among the spaces. Mr. Newbigin describes its discovery: "On first examination only a very small portion was visible, the bulk being completely filled in with turf. The lower portion ran into ground." It was excavated, and left open. He found a channel 30' (9m.) long, maximum depth 6" (0.15m.), maximum width 8"(0.20m), the bottom generally rounded and smooth. Its character was "regularly maintained." He recorded 39 cups around the channel head, one being directly at the channel head and connected with it. He mentions the other 26 scattered cups, and one with a single ring. In all, he recorded 66 cups. He counted 27 cups on the vertical face, mostly arranged in vertical rows, and four ducts in addition to the big channel, with some cups on the line of the ducts. He added, "There are six steps or slashes 7"-9" long (0.18m-0.23m) in a horizontal line along the steep slope which appeared when soil was taken away from the lower part of the rock. He mentions a ringed cup with "faintly marked ducts running into each other at right angles, apparently unconnected with any of the cups". It is very important to have such information, and particularly to know that much of the rock was buried, the turf acting as a protection from erosion. The vertical part, for example, was buried, and it is here where we see the unique device of making lines of cups like rows of buttons, some linked with grooves that start higher up the rock, or flanking these grooves. Cups predominate, and the large channel begins with one and is surrounded by them. Large cups and the channels, as well as the vertical face. Hard Long groove: at least 4 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 89 found |Long groove|Cups in a straight or curved line|Single or multiple cups| |4|1|89|
568 East Lordenshaw 4c   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405706m 599404m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 245m Garmin GPS 12 16m ENE of East Lordenshaw 4b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 710cm 290cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 105 YES Open Access Approximately 105m Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 4a-d notes: The outcrops so far seen along the ridge prepare us for the massive series to come, spectacular when they are whitened by the sun. The predominant motifs are large cups (or small basins) and long artificial grooves that run down the slopes into the ground. They begin to the north of the wall that joins the Deer Park wall above it. East Lordenshaw 4a-d are really all part of the same rock, split, with grass growing among the spaces. Mr. Newbigin describes its discovery: "On first examination only a very small portion was visible, the bulk being completely filled in with turf. The lower portion ran into ground." It was excavated, and left open. He found a channel 30' (9m.) long, maximum depth 6" (0.15m.), maximum width 8"(0.20m), the bottom generally rounded and smooth. Its character was "regularly maintained." He recorded 39 cups around the channel head, one being directly at the channel head and connected with it. He mentions the other 26 scattered cups, and one with a single ring. In all, he recorded 66 cups. He counted 27 cups on the vertical face, mostly arranged in vertical rows, and four ducts in addition to the big channel, with some cups on the line of the ducts. He added, "There are six steps or slashes 7"-9" long (0.18m-0.23m) in a horizontal line along the steep slope which appeared when soil was taken away from the lower part of the rock. He mentions a ringed cup with "faintly marked ducts running into each other at right angles, apparently unconnected with any of the cups". It is very important to have such information, and particularly to know that much of the rock was buried, the turf acting as a protection from erosion. The vertical part, for example, was buried, and it is here where we see the unique device of making lines of cups like rows of buttons, some linked with grooves that start higher up the rock, or flanking these grooves. Cups predominate, and the large channel begins with one and is surrounded by them. Seventeen cups, 15 of which are either midget or small cups. Hard Midget cup: at least 12 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |12|5|
569 East Lordenshaw 4d   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405711m 599405m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 237m Garmin GPS 12 3m SE of East Lordenshaw 4c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 300cm 135cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 105 YES Open Access Approximately 105m Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     East Lordenshaw 4d, the lowest part, ends in marshy ground, and there are signs of a spring here or concentration of water run-off. The cups are either better made than most or better-preserved, and a straight groove crosses the rock obliquely. One cup has the rough-out of a ring, and Mr Newbigin comments that when it was uncovered the pocking was visible. General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 4a-d notes: The outcrops so far seen along the ridge prepare us for the massive series to come, spectacular when they are whitened by the sun. The predominant motifs are large cups (or small basins) and long artificial grooves that run down the slopes into the ground. They begin to the north of the wall that joins the Deer Park wall above it. East Lordenshaw 4a-d are really all part of the same rock, split, with grass growing among the spaces. Mr. Newbigin describes its discovery: "On first examination only a very small portion was visible, the bulk being completely filled in with turf. The lower portion ran into ground." It was excavated, and left open. He found a channel 30' (9m.) long, maximum depth 6" (0.15m.), maximum width 8"(0.20m), the bottom generally rounded and smooth. Its character was "regularly maintained." He recorded 39 cups around the channel head, one being directly at the channel head and connected with it. He mentions the other 26 scattered cups, and one with a single ring. In all, he recorded 66 cups. He counted 27 cups on the vertical face, mostly arranged in vertical rows, and four ducts in addition to the big channel, with some cups on the line of the ducts. He added, "There are six steps or slashes 7"-9" long (0.18m-0.23m) in a horizontal line along the steep slope which appeared when soil was taken away from the lower part of the rock. He mentions a ringed cup with "faintly marked ducts running into each other at right angles, apparently unconnected with any of the cups". It is very important to have such information, and particularly to know that much of the rock was buried, the turf acting as a protection from erosion. The vertical part, for example, was buried, and it is here where we see the unique device of making lines of cups like rows of buttons, some linked with grooves that start higher up the rock, or flanking these grooves. Cups predominate, and the large channel begins with one and is surrounded by them. Fourteen cups; one of the cups has the rough-out of a ring. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 13 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |13|1|
570 East Lordenshaw 4e   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405669m 599400m 4.9m Garmin GPS 12 252m Garmin GPS 12 7m NNE of East Lordenshaw 4b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 620cm 610cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 49 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Three wavy channels, the head of one being a complex arrangement of linked cups, cups and rings, and grooves. Hard Cup and groove: at least 4 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 24 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Long groove: at least 5 found |Cup and groove|Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring|Long groove| |4|24|2|5|
572 East Lordenshaw 4f east   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405668m 599405m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 247m Garmin GPS 12 2.5m E of East Lordenshaw 4f west. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Above East Lordenshaw 4f east and west is a disturbed cairn, but at the top of the ridge is a more prominent cairn. Canon Greenwell first mentions it, and D Dixon quotes him as saying that it was 26' diameter, and 4' high. The cist in the centre was made of four slabs, and had a cover. It was completely filled with sand, with a little charcoal and two small pieces of pottery. The cairn is still visible, with obvious digging at its centre, but what went unnoticed at the time was the fact that the cairn stands on cup-marked outcrop (East Lordenshaw 4g), and that one of the kerb stones is also cup-marked (East Lordenshaw 4j). The cairn stands at a high point (NZ 00557 9942) with extensive views, especially to the north and north east, where the ridge slopes towards the steep-sided valley of the Whitton Burn before it joins the Coquet. Scattered stone down this slope gives the appearance of a marked way, but as there has been quarry disturbance this may not be so. Despite its being a natural routeway. Round barrows of the type that we see here usually belong to the Bronze Age, but because the cairn is built on decorated outcrop, the cairn may be later than the symbols or contemporary with them. A piece of cup-marked stone in the kerb looks unlikely to be quarried outcrop. Whatever the sequence of events, the site was chosen as an important part of the landscape, as a viewpoint and as part of a routeway. Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 42 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Scatters of 21 cups, three with rings. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 18 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |18|3|
571 East Lordenshaw 4f west   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405665m 599404m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 251m Garmin GPS 12 3m NE of East Lordenshaw 4e. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 220cm 150cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Above East Lordenshaw 4f east and west is a disturbed cairn, but at the top of the ridge is a more prominent cairn. Canon Greenwell first mentions it, and D Dixon quotes him as saying that it was 26' diameter, and 4' high. The cist in the centre was made of four slabs, and had a cover. It was completely filled with sand, with a little charcoal and two small pieces of pottery. The cairn is still visible, with obvious digging at its centre, but what went unnoticed at the time was the fact that the cairn stands on cup-marked outcrop (East Lordenshaw 4g), and that one of the kerb stones is also cup-marked (East Lordenshaw 4j). The cairn stands at a high point (NZ 00557 9942) with extensive views, especially to the north and north east, where the ridge slopes towards the steep-sided valley of the Whitton Burn before it joins the Coquet. Scattered stone down this slope gives the appearance of a marked way, but as there has been quarry disturbance this may not be so. Despite its being a natural routeway. Round barrows of the type that we see here usually belong to the Bronze Age, but because the cairn is built on decorated outcrop, the cairn may be later than the symbols or contemporary with them. A piece of cup-marked stone in the kerb looks unlikely to be quarried outcrop. Whatever the sequence of events, the site was chosen as an important part of the landscape, as a viewpoint and as part of a routeway. Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 41 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. A possible cup with groove cutting through a ring and three other cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup with groove cutting through ring| |3|1|
573 East Lordenshaw 4g   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405602m 599398m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 257m Garmin GPS 12 10m NW of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 790cm 150cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 10 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Twenty nine cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 29 found |Single or multiple cups| |29|
574 East Lordenshaw 4h   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405584m 599377m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 259m Garmin GPS 12 1m N of the wall and 9m W of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 70cm 30cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Other smaller stones include East Lordenshaw 4h and i as part of a little alignment between the barrow and the earth/stone wall on the south. Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 9 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
575 East Lordenshaw 4i   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405591m 599386m 4m Garmin GPS 12 260m Garmin GPS 12 West of the path leading to the cist. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 65cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Other smaller stones include East Lordenshaw 4h and i as part of a little alignment between the barrow and the earth/stone wall on the south. Lordenshaw carpark NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
576 East Lordenshaw 4j   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405595m 599392m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 259m Garmin GPS 12 5m NNE of East Lordenshaw 4i. The kerbstone for the cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO YES NO NO 110cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark YES NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     The panel is a cairn kerbstone. General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Twelve cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found |Single or multiple cups| |12|
577 East Lordenshaw 4k   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405596m 599393m 4.6m Garmin GPS 12 260m Garmin GPS 12 2m NNE of East Lordenshaw 4j. A small slab built into the cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO YES NO NO 85cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Five cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
578 East Lordenshaw 4l   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405592m 599394m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 260m Garmin GPS 12 A rounded boulder lay in the disturbed centre of the cairn. The boulder is no longer visible. The GPS readings were taken in the centre of the cairn. Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible         General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. A single cup and several peck marks. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
579 East Lordenshaw 4m   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405637m 599429m 4.5m Garmin GPS 12 264m Garmin GPS 12 9m E of East Lordenshaw 4g on the W side of the path. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 305cm 115cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
580 East Lordenshaw 4n   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint.         Garmin GPS 12   Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO     Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
581 East Lordenshaw 4o   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405669m 599499m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 248m Garmin GPS 12 Between the two paths, 5m NW of the one and 50cm E of the other. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 160cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Seven cups, three of which are midget cups. The midget cups are not shown in the drawing. Hard Midget cup: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |3|4|
582 East Lordenshaw 4p   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405622m 599427m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 256m Garmin GPS 12 11m NW of the path. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 85cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic East Lordenshaw 4p, 4q and 4r form part of a stone alignment. Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 11 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Two cups, one large and one small. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
583 East Lordenshaw 4q   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405624m 599433m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 254m Garmin GPS 12 4m NE of East Lordenshaw 4p and 10m NW of the path. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO YES NO NO NO 110cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic East Lordenshaw 4p, 4q and 4r form part of a stone alignment. Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 10 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Two cups with a possible groove. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|2|
1009 East Lordenshaw 4r   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405620m 599427m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 256m Garmin GPS 12 75cm SW of East Lordenshaw 4p and 11m NW of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO YES NO NO NO 75cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic East Lordenshaw 4p, 4q and 4r form part of a stone alignment. Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 11 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Two cups. Loose Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
584 East Lordenshaw 5a   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405772m 599588m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 228m Garmin GPS 12 28m SE of the public footpath and 18m E of the exposed cist. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 740cm 260cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 28 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 5 notes: The descent from the cairn towards the Whitton Burn before an area of fenced pasture is reached is heather--covered, with small protruding rock outcrops, hollow ways associated with recent quarrying, and small quarries. It is also an area of occasional rock art (East Lordenshaw 5 panels), which is difficult to find and difficult to see. It may be that there has been more erosion here or that the markings were more tentative in the first place. They have been difficult to record, as some show up on careful rubbings but not with the naked eye. They were discovered by Mr Newbigin, who began his survey at an open cist, still visible, next to which a very small cist was more recently exposed (by persons unknown). D.Dixon had described the mound as being 32' diameter and 5' high, with no evidence of interment when it was excavated by Canon Greenwell. Its circumference is still traceable, but removal of stone has almost flattened the mound. It is sloping outcrop, with the most well-formed motif on its west side on a natural bulge in the rock surface; there is a cup, groove and two concentric penannulars, with a line of small cups above it. The sheet of rock has an irregular surface, and the more regular part to the south has been less regarded than the undulating downslope. There are many single cups, 8 with rings or arcs, and some grooves that may also be artificial. Hard Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 21 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 4 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 3 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Cups in a straight or curved line|Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove|Cup and penannular|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Arc|Ring|Cup and ring|Cup with groove cutting through ring|Cup and groove with arc|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |1|21|1|1|1|1|1|2|4|1|1|3|1|
585 East Lordenshaw 5b   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405818m 599614m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 224m Garmin GPS 12 54m NNE of East Lordenshaw 5a and 54m SE of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 125cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 54 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 5 notes: The descent from the cairn towards the Whitton Burn before an area of fenced pasture is reached is heather--covered, with small protruding rock outcrops, hollow ways associated with recent quarrying, and small quarries. It is also an area of occasional rock art (East Lordenshaw 5 panels), which is difficult to find and difficult to see. It may be that there has been more erosion here or that the markings were more tentative in the first place. They have been difficult to record, as some show up on careful rubbings but not with the naked eye. They were discovered by Mr Newbigin, who began his survey at an open cist, still visible, next to which a very small cist was more recently exposed (by persons unknown). D.Dixon had described the mound as being 32' diameter and 5' high, with no evidence of interment when it was excavated by Canon Greenwell. Its circumference is still traceable, but removal of stone has almost flattened the mound. Cups and faint traces of curved grooves. Hard Curved groove: at least 2 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Curved groove|Cup and groove|Single or multiple cups| |2|1|4|
586 East Lordenshaw 5c   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405842m 599641m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 223m Garmin GPS 12 36m NE of East Lordenshaw 5b and 14m SE of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 165cm 160cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 14 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 5 notes: The descent from the cairn towards the Whitton Burn before an area of fenced pasture is reached is heather--covered, with small protruding rock outcrops, hollow ways associated with recent quarrying, and small quarries. It is also an area of occasional rock art (East Lordenshaw 5 panels), which is difficult to find and difficult to see. It may be that there has been more erosion here or that the markings were more tentative in the first place. They have been difficult to record, as some show up on careful rubbings but not with the naked eye. They were discovered by Mr Newbigin, who began his survey at an open cist, still visible, next to which a very small cist was more recently exposed (by persons unknown). D.Dixon had described the mound as being 32' diameter and 5' high, with no evidence of interment when it was excavated by Canon Greenwell. Its circumference is still traceable, but removal of stone has almost flattened the mound. Ten single cups and two faint figures of rings and pennanulars around cups. Hard Penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Penannular|Cup and ring|Cup and multiple rings|Single or multiple cups| |2|1|1|10|
587 East Lordenshaw 5d   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405857m 599660m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 223m Garmin GPS 12 20m NE of East Lordenshaw 5c and 32m SE of the junction of the public footpaths. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 130cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 32 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 5 notes: The descent from the cairn towards the Whitton Burn before an area of fenced pasture is reached is heather--covered, with small protruding rock outcrops, hollow ways associated with recent quarrying, and small quarries. It is also an area of occasional rock art (East Lordenshaw 5 panels), which is difficult to find and difficult to see. It may be that there has been more erosion here or that the markings were more tentative in the first place. They have been difficult to record, as some show up on careful rubbings but not with the naked eye. They were discovered by Mr Newbigin, who began his survey at an open cist, still visible, next to which a very small cist was more recently exposed (by persons unknown). D.Dixon had described the mound as being 32' diameter and 5' high, with no evidence of interment when it was excavated by Canon Greenwell. Its circumference is still traceable, but removal of stone has almost flattened the mound. Three large cups and three small cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
588 East Lordenshaw 5e   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405858m 599661m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 221m Garmin GPS 12 1m NE of East Lordenshaw 5d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 145cm 95cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 32 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 5 notes: The descent from the cairn towards the Whitton Burn before an area of fenced pasture is reached is heather--covered, with small protruding rock outcrops, hollow ways associated with recent quarrying, and small quarries. It is also an area of occasional rock art (East Lordenshaw 5 panels), which is difficult to find and difficult to see. It may be that there has been more erosion here or that the markings were more tentative in the first place. They have been difficult to record, as some show up on careful rubbings but not with the naked eye. They were discovered by Mr Newbigin, who began his survey at an open cist, still visible, next to which a very small cist was more recently exposed (by persons unknown). D.Dixon had described the mound as being 32' diameter and 5' high, with no evidence of interment when it was excavated by Canon Greenwell. Its circumference is still traceable, but removal of stone has almost flattened the mound. Four cups in a line and two other cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line| |3|1|
589 East Lordenshaw 5f   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405858m 599665m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 218m Garmin GPS 12 3m NE of East Lordenshaw 5d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 145cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 37 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 5 notes: The descent from the cairn towards the Whitton Burn before an area of fenced pasture is reached is heather--covered, with small protruding rock outcrops, hollow ways associated with recent quarrying, and small quarries. It is also an area of occasional rock art (East Lordenshaw 5 panels), which is difficult to find and difficult to see. It may be that there has been more erosion here or that the markings were more tentative in the first place. They have been difficult to record, as some show up on careful rubbings but not with the naked eye. They were discovered by Mr Newbigin, who began his survey at an open cist, still visible, next to which a very small cist was more recently exposed (by persons unknown). D.Dixon had described the mound as being 32' diameter and 5' high, with no evidence of interment when it was excavated by Canon Greenwell. Its circumference is still traceable, but removal of stone has almost flattened the mound. Four cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
590 East Lordenshaw 5g   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405858m 599663m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 225m Garmin GPS 12 Immediately to the N of East Lordenshaw 5f. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 55cm 25cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 37 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 5 notes: The descent from the cairn towards the Whitton Burn before an area of fenced pasture is reached is heather--covered, with small protruding rock outcrops, hollow ways associated with recent quarrying, and small quarries. It is also an area of occasional rock art (East Lordenshaw 5 panels), which is difficult to find and difficult to see. It may be that there has been more erosion here or that the markings were more tentative in the first place. They have been difficult to record, as some show up on careful rubbings but not with the naked eye. They were discovered by Mr Newbigin, who began his survey at an open cist, still visible, next to which a very small cist was more recently exposed (by persons unknown). D.Dixon had described the mound as being 32' diameter and 5' high, with no evidence of interment when it was excavated by Canon Greenwell. Its circumference is still traceable, but removal of stone has almost flattened the mound. Twenty nine cups, 27 of which are midget cups. Hard Midget cup: at least 27 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |27|2|
591 East Lordenshaw 5h   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405861m 599666m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 222m Garmin GPS 12 7m NNE of East Lordenshaw 5d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 670cm 310cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 37 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     East Lordenshaw 5h was described by Mr Newbigin as having twelve plain cups and two cups with plain rings, all considerably weathered, but careful rubbing has revealed that there are more cups and more rings. General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. East Lordenshaw 5 notes: The descent from the cairn towards the Whitton Burn before an area of fenced pasture is reached is heather--covered, with small protruding rock outcrops, hollow ways associated with recent quarrying, and small quarries. It is also an area of occasional rock art (East Lordenshaw 5 panels), which is difficult to find and difficult to see. It may be that there has been more erosion here or that the markings were more tentative in the first place. They have been difficult to record, as some show up on careful rubbings but not with the naked eye. They were discovered by Mr Newbigin, who began his survey at an open cist, still visible, next to which a very small cist was more recently exposed (by persons unknown). D.Dixon had described the mound as being 32' diameter and 5' high, with no evidence of interment when it was excavated by Canon Greenwell. Its circumference is still traceable, but removal of stone has almost flattened the mound. This panel was described by Mr Newbigin as having twelve plain cups and two cups with plain rings, all considerably weathered, but careful rubbing has revealed that there are more cups and more rings. Hard Midget cup: at least 12 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 25 found. Curved groove: at least 4 found. Cup and groove: at least 5 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 2 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Cup and groove|Cup and multiple arcs|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and multiple penannulars|Arc|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and ring|Cup and multiple rings| |12|25|4|5|1|1|2|1|1|1|3|2|
362 Ellingham a       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Found at Suilvan House, Ellingham. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The area where Ellingham a was found has been cultivated for many years; there are no traces of any structures. A large cobble with a line of three cups surrounded by two angular grooves. The surface has a thin coating of ironstone which has flaked away in places. The design fits the cobble; it is an elaborate decoration for such a small stone, and may have had a special significance in its (unknown) context. Not Recorded Curved groove: at least 2 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Curved groove|Cups in a straight or curved line| |2|1|
363 Ellingham b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Berwick Museum Found at Quarry Field, Ellingham. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The cobble fit quite easily into the types found in the Fowberry and Weetwood mounds. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
364 Ellingham c       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Berwick Museum Found at Quarry Field, Ellingham. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The cobble fits quite easily into the types found in the Fowberry and Weetwood mounds. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
365 Ellingham d       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Found at Quarry Field, Ellingham. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The cobble fits quite easily into the types found in the Fowberry and Weetwood mounds. A cup and groove that reaches the edge and three small cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove| |3|1|
1004 Embleton Steads       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Museum of Antiquities Find spot: NU129 023 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Jim Nesbitt (pers. comm. 15 May 2004) reports that the rock was found at 'Emblesteads, Longframlington, near a public foot-path leading from Embleton to Little Canada 4 metres downstream of a foot-bridge crossing the Gate-Burn, near to where the Inner Burn, near to where the Inner Burn and Gate-Burn converge and lying close to the right bank in water at a depth of about 15-20cms…Although the stone was located in water when found, I don't think it was placed there deliberately as an offering. It is more likely that it was discarded into the burn in more recent times. The elliptic shape of the item does suggest it having been subject to considerable water flow and abrasion for a lengthy period. Yet the condition of the under-side, apparently un-worn, the clarity of the tool marks in the cup and the clean fracture and surface of the missing portion would suggest it having lain on that side for a very long time in open conditions. On it's removal from the burn it was obvious to me that there was an absence of lichen deposits on it's upper surface suggesting it had been submersed for some considerable time, however, since it has been exposed there does appear to be an indication of it re-appearing. It is remarkable fact however that when the stone is immersed , or wetted, it does appear to take on a very life-like appearance as if it was intended to be so to the viewer.' On the upper surface it has three cups and on the underside there are two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
882 Ewe Hill 1     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 406709m 627286m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12 3m NNE of the gatepost. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic It is possible that the carved rock came from a burial cairn.   NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Easy           Connected cups stemming from a pennanular-ringed cup. Not Recorded Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|1|
883 Ewe Hill 2     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 406949m 627319m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12 4m WNW of the corner of the field and 50cm N of the fence. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
730 Fenwick Fell Field a     Simonburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 384883m 573436m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 217m Garmin GPS 12 Small carved rock built into the dyke (earth and stone field wall), which runs N-S, beside the public right of way. It is at the highest point between Castleburn and Hopeshield burns. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         There appears to have been a cairn on the line of the dyke, the building of which incorporated the cairn; the cobble could have been part of the cairn. Two cups joined by a short groove. Not Recorded Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found |Two cups linked by a groove| |1|
731 Fenwick Fell Field b     Simonburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 384884m 573434m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 216m Garmin GPS 12 2m S of Fenwick Fell Field a. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         There appears to have been a cairn on the line of the dyke, the building of which incorporated the cairn; the cobble could have been part of the cairn. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
643 Fontburn a (i)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 402230m 593790m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 226m Garmin GPS 12 80m E of Fontburn a (ii) and about 35m N of Fallowlees Burn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 185cm 135cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fallowlees farm NO NO 100 NO Open Access Approximately 100m. The rock can be seen from the footpath on the south side of the Fallowlees Burn. Impossible   Pasture       A minimum of 15 cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 15 found |Single or multiple cups| |15|
955 Fontburn a (ii)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 402230m 593793m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 217m Garmin GPS 12 6m WNW of Fontburn a (i). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 50cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fallowlees farm NO NO 100 NO Open Access Approximately 100m Impossible   Pasture       A single oval-shaped cup. Loose Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
956 Fontburn a (iii)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 402156m 593775m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 223m Garmin GPS 12 22m NNE of Fallowlees Burn, just above the floodplain. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 165cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fallowlees farm NO NO 70 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A line of five cups and another 12 cups. There are two lightly pecked areas. Hard Pick marks: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line| |2|12|1|
959 Fontburn a (iv)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 402134m 593771m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 224m Garmin GPS 12 23m W of Fontburn a (iii) and about 11m N of Fallowlees Burn. 46m ENE of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 40cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fallowlees farm NO NO 46 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Loose Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
960 Fontburn a (v)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 401892m 593632m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 232m Garmin GPS 12 About 30m N of Fallowlees Burn and 30m S of the farmtrack. On the edge of the settlement. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 145cm 95cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic On the edge of a settlement. Fallowlees farm NO NO 30 YES Open Access 30m from the farmtrack Impossible   Pasture       Six, possibly, seven cups (two/three on top and four on the side). Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
961 Fontburn a (vi)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 401855m 593643m 4.6m Garmin GPS 12 236m Garmin GPS 12 41m WNW of Fontburn a (v) and 15m S of the farmtrack. In the cairn. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO YES YES NO 60cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fallowlees farm NO NO 15 YES Open Access 15m from the farmtrack. Impossible   Pasture       Four cups. Three of the cups are deep being, 6cm (x2) and 7cm. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
962 Fontburn a (vii)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 401854m 593646m 4.8m Garmin GPS 12 234m Garmin GPS 12 1m NW of Fontburn a (vi) on the W edge of the cairn. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO YES YES NO 40cm 25cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic On the W edge of the cairn Fallowlees farm NO NO 15 NO Open Access 15m from the farmtrack Impossible   Pasture       A single cup on the top and a possible cup on the side. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
963 Fontburn a (viii)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 401854m 593643m 4.5m Garmin GPS 12 233m Garmin GPS 12 1,15m SSW of Fontburn a (vi) on the W edge of the cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO YES NO NO 100cm 70cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic On the W edge of a cairn Fallowlees farm NO NO 16 YES Open Access 16m from the farmtrack Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
644 Fontburn b     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 403280m 593376m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 203m Garmin GPS 12 Large large table—like block of sandstone on the N side of the public footpath, 33m from the stile, and 2.5m S of the plantation fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 425cm 355cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Newbiggin Farm NO YES 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture     First reported to Stan Beckensall by Peter Cheffins. It stands at the edge of a plantation where hollow ways suggest that it was a route to the stream valley, now a reservoir. The surface does not have complex motifs, but concentrates on cups, some with arcs or single rings. There are 79 cups of various sizes and depths scattered over the whole surface. Seven cups have rings, four have pennanulars and two have arcs. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 79 found. Cup and penannular: at least 4 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring| |79|4|2|7|
645 Fontburn c (i)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 403259m 593648m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 209m Garmin GPS 12 Forms parts of the four-poster stone circle on the edge of the flatland above Fallowlees Burn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO YES NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Newbiggin Farm NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       There are three cups among natural grooves. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
964 Fontburn c (ii)     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 403257m 593650m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 210m Garmin GPS 12 50cm N of Fontburn c (i). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO YES NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Newbiggin Farm NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       There are six cups on the top, and a cluster of cups that seem to be the part of the inner circle of a double ringed motif on the vertical face of the same standing stone. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Concentric rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Concentric rings| |6|1|
965 Fontburn d     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 403109m 593518m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 214m Garmin GPS 12 Large flat-based boulder in the centre of denuded cairn, 3m N of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO YES NO NO 160cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Cup-marked boulder in the centre of a denuded cairn. Newbiggin Farm NO NO 3 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture       Four cups, including an elongated cup, on the SSE face and two cups on the E face. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
966 Fontburn e     Hollinghill CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 403366m 593940m 5m Garmin GPS 12 208m Garmin GPS 12 Cup-marked stone at (possible) southern entrance to rectilinear structure. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO YES NO 25cm 15cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Cup-marked stone at (possible) southern entrance to rectilinear structure. Newbiggin Farm NO NO 100 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 100m Impossible   Pasture       A single cup that is small and shallow. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
512 Football Cairn a   Football Cairn is the name given to a dilapidated large burial mound with a massive cist at its centre. Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404602m 603032m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 255m Garmin GPS 12 16m SE of the dilapidated large burial mound which has a massive cist at its centre. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 490cm 295cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane, Thropton NO NO 16 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     The faint motifs are difficult to see. The largest motif has a cup and groove at the centre of four complete rings and a partial outer one, with a small cup between this and the north edge. Above it is a cup and ring with three outer arcs, a cup and faint long groove. At the eastern edge is a cup and ring from which a groove curls away, enclosing a line of small cups. Below is the faint trace of another groove running to the eastern rock edge. There is a natural crack that divides these motifs from those to the south: a large cup, a cup and three penannulars, three small cups enclosed by an arc and a broken ring, other scattered cups and a cup and arc. Hard Midget cup: at least 6 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 26 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 4 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 2 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Cup and groove|Ring|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and multiple penannulars|Two cups linked by a groove|Multiple arcs|Cup and ring|Arc|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |6|26|1|4|1|2|1|1|1|2|1|1|
513 Football Cairn b   Football Cairn is the name given to a dilapidated large burial mound with a massive cist at its centre. Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404629m 603042m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 259m Garmin GPS 12 30m ESE of Football Cairn a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 155cm 150cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane, Thropton NO NO 40 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single large deep cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
514 Football Cairn c   Football Cairn is the name given to a dilapidated large burial mound with a massive cist at its centre.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Seven cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
515 Football Cairn d   Football Cairn is the name given to a dilapidated large burial mound with a massive cist at its centre. Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404745m 603118m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 251m Garmin GPS 12 About 150m along the sheep track from Cartington Carriageway, and then 5m SW of this sheep track. The sheep track meets Cartington Carriageway at NU 04630 03177. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 65cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane NO NO 100 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Eleven cups of varying sizes. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found |Single or multiple cups| |11|
516 Football Cairn e   Football Cairn is the name given to a dilapidated large burial mound with a massive cist at its centre.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           One cup with three rings and another with two rings. Not Recorded Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found |Cup and multiple rings| |2|
795 Football Cairn f   Football Cairn is the name given to a dilapidated large burial mound with a massive cist at its centre. Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404613m 603045m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 253m Garmin GPS 12 Large, sloping, outcrop 11m NE of Football Cairn a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 610cm 400cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane, Thropton NO NO 20 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     Information from Ian and Irene Hewitt's database. A minimum of four cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
814 Football Cairn g   Football Cairn is the name given to a dilapidated large burial mound with a massive cist at its centre. Cartington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 404538m 603005m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 252m Garmin GPS 12 Large, sloping, outcrop 30m SW of Football Cairn a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 530cm 340cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Physic Lane, Thropton NO NO 25 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     Information from Ian and Irene Hewitt's database. A minimum of four cups scattered across the rock. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
4 Ford Westfield a       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Findspot: ca. NT 939 370 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic In 1850 ploughing revealed a considerable number of graves east of Ford Westfield House. Twenty burials came to light. The bodies had been burnt, and their remains and charcoal were placed in circular hollows scooped out of the natural (rock) and each covered with a stone. Two of these stones were marked on the underside; the one with the usual series of concentric circles, and the other with the rarer class of these markings, which consists of small hollows or pits. From Greenwell's report we gather that neither of the two decorated stones was a cist cover, though George Tate describes them as such. The larger of the two marked stones (Fort Westfield b) has a curved edge and a flat edge, and the design of three rings around a cup, from which an incomplete groove emerges, fits the rock, suggesting that it was not outcrop rock onto which it was picked, but that the stone was chosen for the motifs. The figure has pick markings, without any attempt to smooth out the grooves, and the freshness of the motifs indicates that the cover had been placed over the cremation burials deliberately. The beginnings of a fourth groove is visible, and there are other marks on the slab that may be prehistoric. The other marked slab (Fort Westfield a), roughly the same size, has six definite cups, and other possible ones. Both stones were illustrated by Mr. Collingwood Bruce.   NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.         Six definite cups, and other possible ones. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
5 Ford Westfield b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Findspot: ca. NT 939 370 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic In 1850 ploughing revealed a considerable number of graves east of Ford Westfield House. Twenty burials came to light. The bodies had been burnt, and their remains and charcoal were placed in circular hollows scooped out of the natural (rock) and each covered with a stone. Two of these stones were marked on the underside; the one with the usual series of concentric circles, and the other with the rarer class of these markings, which consists of small hollows or pits. From Greenwell's report we gather that neither of the two decorated stones was a cist cover, though George Tate describes them as such. The larger of the two marked stones (Fort Westfield b) has a curved edge and a flat edge, and the design of three rings around a cup, from which an incomplete groove emerges, fits the rock, suggesting that it was not outcrop rock onto which it was picked, but that the stone was chosen for the motifs. The figure has pick markings, without any attempt to smooth out the grooves, and the freshness of the motifs indicates that the cover had been placed over the cremation burials deliberately. The beginnings of a fourth groove is visible, and there are other marks on the slab that may be prehistoric. The other marked slab (Fort Westfield a), roughly the same size, has six definite cups, and other possible ones. Both stones were illustrated by Mr. Collingwood Bruce.   NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.         The stone has a curved edge and a flat edge, and the design of three rings around a cup, from which an incomplete groove emerges, fits the rock, suggesting that it was not outcrop rock onto which it was picked, but that the stone was chosen for the motifs. The figure has pick markings, without any attempt to smooth out the grooves, and the freshness of the motifs indicates that the cover had been placed over the cremation burials deliberately. The beginnings of a fourth groove is visible, and there are other marks on the slab that may be prehistoric. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Midget cup: at least 3 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 6 found |Pick marks|Midget cup|Cup and groove with penannular| |1|3|6|
203 Fowberry Enclosure 1   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Lilburn CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402765m 626307m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 133m Garmin GPS 12 140m NE of the gate, which is in the SW corner of the field. The gate leads on to the Way to Wooler public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 155cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lonnon Cottage NO NO 140 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       The repertoire here includes a very unusual grid pattern. This has been pecked out by making a series of parallel grooves that divide a square into twenty small squares. A serpentine groove runs from one corner of the square to a beautifully executed symmetrical cup, on either side of which are two antithetical motifs; one is a clearly pecked cup with a groove running from it through a ring. The other has two concentric rings that have left a space at the centre instead of a cup, which is unusual for this area. Included in this group are two other cups. The rest of this exposed sheet has a cup surrounded by an arc and an oval ring, connected by a groove to another cup that runs diametrically through a cup at the centre of a ring. Attached to the latter motif is a cup and two ovoids that may have preceded it. Three small ringed cups stretch in a line beside the larger figure, with fourth similar motif a little distance away. This line leads to a larger cup and ring, which acts as the point of a triangle, the next side of which is an irregular line of cup at the centre of two rings with an attached large cup, a faint motif of two cups that are part of a ring, with a concentric ring outside. There are some very small cups and a line of three ringed cups. Above the latter are a cup and ring which is touched by a ring around a cup from which a groove runs, flanked by two concentric arcs. Two other cups lie at the outcrop edge. Finally, the most northerly motif is a cup with a diametric groove that runs through two concentric rings. Hard Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found. Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 14 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 2 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Grid or hatchings: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 11 found |Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Pick marks|Serpentine groove|Single or multiple cups|Penannular|Cup and groove|Ring|Cup and groove with arc|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and multiple arcs|Cup and multiple rings|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Grid or hatchings|Cup and ring| |1|1|1|14|1|1|2|1|2|1|1|1|1|11|
204 Fowberry Enclosure 2   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Lilburn CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402769m 626301m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 130m Garmin GPS 12 4m SE of Fowberry Enclosure 1. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 530cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lonnon Cottage NO NO 140 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       Split by a crack that forms a straight edge to a wedge-shaped outcrop, the west part is dominated by a pristine deeply pecked cup at the centre of four concentric rings. A cluster of motifs to the south of this is divided by a straight groove that runs from the rock edge to a cup. At this edge where the groove ends are two ovoids around a cup, above which is a cup at he centre of two concentric squares with rounded corners, with a big cup on the outer ring. Six cups, two cups each with a single ring, and an elongated flat-ended groove around a cup complete this sub-group. To the SW above a slight rise in the rock is a cup at the centre of two rings and a concentric arc. Facing it is a cup and ring with a concentric penannular. Other motifs are faint-cups and arcs. The eastern part of the outcrop has thirteen cups and two cups with small single rings. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 23 found. Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Cup and ring with interior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 2 found. Penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 5 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Cup and ring with interior groove|Cup and multiple arcs|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Penannular|Cup and ring|Cup and multiple rings| |23|2|1|2|2|2|5|3|
205 Fowberry Enclosure 3 Gunn Rock The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Lilburn CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402892m 626113m 4m Garmin GPS 12 123m Garmin GPS 12 30m SSW of the Way to Wooler public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 145cm 130cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lonnon Cottage NO NO 30 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture   Rocks dumped on and around the carved rock. Found by William Gunn in 1881.   Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Rosette: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Curved groove|Cup and penannular|Rosette| |10|1|1|1|1|
1106 Fowberry Excavation site   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401980m 627835m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 161m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside The outcrop rocks and kerbstones are still on site, but the portables have been removed to the Berwick Museum and the Museum of Antiquities. Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded YES NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill.   Not Recorded      
841 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn a   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill.   Not Recorded Curved groove: at least 2 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found. Arc: at least 1 found |Curved groove|Linear and angular groove|Arc| |2|3|1|
842 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn b   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
843 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn c   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
844 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn d   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
845 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn e   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. Three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
846 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn f   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
847 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn g   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
848 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn h   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single countersunk cup. Not Recorded Cups countersunk: at least 1 found |Cups countersunk| |1|
849 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn i   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
850 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn j   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
851 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn k   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. Two cups (one broken). Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
852 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn l   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
854 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn m   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
855 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Berwick Museum   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
856 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn o   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
857 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn p   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. Three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
858 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn q   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 4 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Cup and multiple penannulars| |4|1|
859 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Unknown Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
860 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn s   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. The cobble has been broken in half. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
853 Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn t   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A single cup. The cobble has been broken in half. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
837 Fowberry Excavation site - kerbstone 1   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         The decoration on this kerbstone has not been recorded. In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill.   Not Recorded      
838 Fowberry Excavation site - kerbstone 2   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         The decoration on this kerbstone has not been recorded. In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill.   Not Recorded      
839 Fowberry Excavation site - kerbstone 3   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         The decoration on this kerbstone has not been recorded. In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill.   Not Recorded      
840 Fowberry Excavation site - kerbstone 4   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         The decoration on this kerbstone has not been recorded. In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill.   Not Recorded      
180 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 1   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401978m 627825m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         The south end of the upper surface of the outcrop is a viewpoint from which the whole range of country can be seen to the ridge of Ros Castle. In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. There is a very large cup connected by a groove to a smaller one, on which fifteen other cups roughly centre. This clustering makes a fitting end to the designs on the rest of the outcrop. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 15 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove| |15|1|
181 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 2   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401980m 627832m   Garmin GPS 12 163m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. On a slope, a slab-like outcrop has a cluster of 23 cups of various sizes and three fainter ones, concentrated at the edge. Not Recorded Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 16 found |Cups in a straight or curved line|Single or multiple cups| |2|16|
182 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 3   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401979m 627834m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. The slope of the outcrop has been followed by a curved groove that has a following arc of cups. There are other cups and grooves, but the overall emphasis is on the large cups making the natural curved line of the rock, like eyebrows. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 16 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 9 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove| |16|1|9|
183 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 4 Ship rock The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401976m 627833m   Garmin GPS 12 166m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. This is a complex outcrop slab; here we can see superimposition without being able to determine the length of time lapse. To the right is a cup at the centre of four concentric arcs which may have continued as rings had not two deep spaced cups been pecked on, joined by a thick curved groove at the bottom and a thinner straight groove connecting the tops of the cups. It was referred to as the ‘Ship rock’ during the dig. At the bottom edge is a cup and ring with a near-oval groove attached. Above that is a small cup and ring with some small cups. Two more cups, one with a little groove complete the design on the right hand side before a natural line in the rock is reached. The left-hand side has again a cup at the centre of four arcs. The groove from the cup is joined to the outer arc of a motif centred on a cup and groove with a large cup flanking it. Two other large cups and a smaller one complete the decoration at the left edge. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 15 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove|Cup and groove with penannular|Two cups linked by a groove|Ring|Cup and multiple arcs|Cup and ring| |1|15|1|1|1|1|1|2|2|
184 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 5   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401978m 627835m   Garmin GPS 12 159m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A faint design of cup and ring with an interrupted ring, two arcs and a cup is at the top. Two joined cups and arcs are at the bottom. Not Recorded Arc: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Arc|Single or multiple cups|Multiple arcs|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |1|3|1|1|
185 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 6   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401980m 627835m   Garmin GPS 12 158m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. The largest panel, that underlay the mound kerb, has a natural slope and irregularities that suggested the design. A flat-edged tongue to the left has only faint cups and arcs, but the rock then produces a triangular appendage that has been completely filled in with a cup and diametric groove at the centre of three deep penannulars. The theme of penannulars and cups centres on the upper slope of the east edge; from the cups at their centres are grooves that lead down towards the edge. Two of these grooves are used as parallel sides of a rectangle, one side of which is the edge of the rock; it contains seven cups, some with grooves leading out. It is a very ‘busy’ decoration, with some unattached cups included. To the left is an interesting variation on a theme, where an external arc embraces a cup and a cup and groove, echoing the direction of the external arc. A groove shoots out laterally to the left to a cup, over a penannular and cup and groove, above which are two linear grooves. The whole design flows in an arc laterally and down the rock, with a sense of integration and fluidity. It ends with a cup and two rings, an arc, and a faint cup and ring below which are three large cups. A cluster of cups at the top of the rock focuses on a natural fault in the rock that looks animal-like. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 38 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 2 found. Cup and groove: at least 9 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 2 found. Cup and groove with multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 2 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 6 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 4 found. Cup and ring with interior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring|Linear and angular groove|Arc|Curved groove|Cup and groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and multiple arcs|Cup and groove with multiple arcs|Cup and groove with arc|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Cup and ring with interior groove|Cup and multiple rings| |38|1|3|1|2|9|2|2|1|2|6|4|1|1|
186 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 7   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401980m 627833m   Garmin GPS 12 156m Garmin GPS 12 About 20cm E of Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 6. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. There is a detached isosceles triangle of rock bew Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 7, and this has been used to centre an arced group of cups on three concentric penannulars around a cup where the groove, instead of being directed into the ground, points towards the downward grooves on the main outcrop. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |12|1|
187 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 8 Vicky's Rock The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401980m 627833m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. A flat outcrop continues the theme of grooves from cups leading down the rock into the earth. The cups and grooves are the centres of penannulars (tree-like). There is a cup and ring, large cup and penannular, cup and arc and ten cups, some of which are faint. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring|Cup and penannular|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |10|1|1|1|1|4|
188 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 9   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401977m 627835m   Garmin GPS 12 156m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. This flat slab is at the deepest part of the outcrop, and some rock may have been removed from above it before the decoration was added. There are two main motifs: a cup and groove moving to the right with four penannulars, and a similar figure facing away from it with three penannulars. They are linked by a single groove above them which joins the outer ring of the left-hand motif. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|1|2|
189 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 10   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401977m 627836m   Garmin GPS 12 165m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. At a higher level, the markings on this rectangular slab are faint. The cups are clear, but curving grooves seem tentative. Not Recorded Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Curved groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|2|7|
190 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 11   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401973m 627841m   Garmin GPS 12 170m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. This slab shows one way in which the rings were made for there are joined cups that make up the ring. There is a cup and groove with two penannulars and a concentric arc to the right. Small cups and rings and cups provide the rest of the decoration. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 15 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and multiple rings|Cup and ring|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Arc|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |15|1|1|1|1|1|
191 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 12   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401972m 627846m   Garmin GPS 12 162m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. The slab has a cup and ring and a groove joining two cups on one side, and two very small ringed cups on the other, with five faint small cups. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring| |1|5|1|1|1|
192 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 13   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401973m 627838m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 152m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. On the north quarry edge, this decoration has six domino cups, a cluster of ten cups, five cups enclosed by a faint ring, four small cups and three cups linked by grooves. The largest motif echoes the design on 6: a ring around a central cup has an arced groove curling away from it to the edge of the rock, enclosing two cups, the lower with a groove and the end of a faint ring, with a half-ovoid between it and the main surrounding groove. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 18 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 2 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 2 found. Curved groove: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Oval groove enclosing cups|Curved groove|Cup and ring|Domino patterns and parallel lines| |1|18|1|2|2|2|2|1|
193 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 14   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401978m 627850m 4.2m Garmin GPS 12 169m Garmin GPS 12 The panel has been covered over and the GPS reading was taken above where the panel is believed to be. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. To the north, over the edge of the quarry are two large cups, one of which is linked by a groove to a lozenge-shaped depression at the centre of which is a cup. There is a cluster of seven cups at the edge of the rock. There are some faint cups and grooves. More distinct are some small cups with two parallel grooves, in between which some of the small cups seem to be in the process of being linked together as a line. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 16 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 2 found. Parallel grooves: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Cup and ring|Cups in a straight or curved line|Parallel grooves| |1|16|1|1|2|1|
194 Fowberry Excavation site - Rock 15   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401978m 627845m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   The panel has been covered over and the GPS reading was taken above where the panel is believed to be. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         In February 1973 a group of students from Alnwick College of Education, based at the castle, had asked me to take them to see some rock art. Their main course disciplines were different. When we were about to leave the site after looking at the North Plantation rocks when light snow began to fall, Murray Chisholm, a music student, called us back as we went to the minibus. He had noticed a large cup on a rock among dead bracken. This turned out to be the most southerly of a series of rock motifs that covered a whole spine of outcrop rock. With Lance Strother’s permission we returned, fully equipped, to see if any more rock art was hidden in the dead bracken; this proved to be so on the edges of the outcrop. A mound on the outcrop hinted at something else, so a 26m datum line was established along the length of the outcrop and trenches laid out parallel to it and at right angles. A careful systematic clearance of vegetation revealed piles of cobblestones on top, thinning out to the south. These were drawn and a pattern established where the mound was in the scatter. It had a double kerb and sat on top of the outcrop. The kerb was constructed by laying the two arcs of cobbles and packing the space between them with smaller stones. Cobbles were mostly used, but there was a small arc of pink igneous rock that had presumably been brought to the area originally by ice. A prominent feature of the inner kerb was an upright regular sandstone slab with two cups like eyes looking to the north. As each cobblestone was cleaned as it emerged, some were found to have motifs pecked into them, mainly with simple cups but others more elaborately. There was sufficient of the mound intact to establish that it was not a field clearance heap, and that the motifs on the cobbles echoed those on the outcrop. The scale of this was unprecedented. The northern part of the site was more confusing, and a large hollow with an edge of stone at first appeared to be an enclosure. It turned out to be a small quarry. The freestone here splits vertically and horizontally, producing good building blocks, until a floor is reached. This quarry could have removed decorated rock. There were many small slabs and cobbles of the type normally picked up during field clearance that may have been thrown to one side so the quarrymen could get at the good rock surface. They were in lines immediately at the western edge of the working. It is possible that other cairns were demolished in this clearing process. There was less disturbance to the south, though there had been trees there. The whole area is surrounded by magnificent old beech trees, and the planting of these would have caused disturbance. To the east is a large circular hollow that we investigated; it proved to be another of these quarries also seen on Weetwood Moor. The logic seemed to be to locate a good edge of freestone, then exploit it forward and sideways. It is possible to mistake such hollows as settlement sites; it is also possible to mistake limited rectangular stone extraction for a cist. A profile cross-section of the site shows that there was a very thin layer of sand above the outcrop beneath the cobbles of the mound; in this was the only artefact: a sealed in worked flint that could be used as a scraper of knife and belong to the Neolithic-early Bronze Age period. There was no evidence of any time gap between the mound and the marking of the outcrop, and the thin sand was sterile. The stones of the mound and other scattered stones were from 10-40 cm long, mostly sandstone, with the odd volcanic erratic. The most important feature of this site is the distribution of marked cobbles. Not only did they form part of the mound, but four kerbstones were cup marked and have been left buried in situ. The rest have been removed to the Museum of Antiquities except for Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn n, which is at Berwick Museum, and Fowberry Excavation site - Cairn r , which could not be relocated during the project. The decoration on the removed cobbles varies from simple cups to a complex cup-penannular-radiate design. This complex design was on a cobble found south of the projected south edge of the outer kerb – unless the mound was longer along its north-south axis, which we don’t know because there was only a light scatter of stone there and more possibility that the outcrop had been cleared of any covering stone. For anyone trying to peck a cup into a cobble, the danger is that the rock will split with the force of the blow. It takes skill. There is a cup, and two penannulars. Not Recorded Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Cup and multiple penannulars| |1|
195 Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park a   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402812m 627727m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 116m Garmin GPS 12 From public footpath go though the gate and proceed S along path for about 140m to quarried area. The rock art is at the edge of a quarry that has taken away much stone. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 170cm 150cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The area to the south of this, known as Trickley Wood, has been the site of prehistoric finds, including a destroyed tumulus from which an urn was taken. Maclaughlan in his Eastern Branch of the Watling Street Survey maps in 1857-9 and text in 1864 noted that ‘ in the footpath from Chatton to Wooler, where Trickley, Fowberry Park and Wandon join, and about 60 yards from the junction of the Wandon ground, an urn was taken out of a flat tumulus of stones. The urn was about 15 inches in diameter, and had some ashes in it, but was not enclosed in a cist. The spot was called Jacob’s Hill.’ Maclaughlan also quotes an Alnwick MSS which says: ‘The herd’s house at Trickley stands without the camp (3/4 mile south west of the above cist) on the western side, and some sepulchral urns have been digged up near the north west corner of his cottage, as well as upon other parts of his farm.’ Fowberry Mains NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       An oval groove containing four cups has grooves attached to it, ending at the rock edge. There is a single curved groove attached to the oval. Three roughly parallel that link in an arc before the edge of the rock is reached to not quite link up with the oval. Hard Three parallel grooves: at least 1 found. Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 1 found |Three parallel grooves|Serpentine groove|Oval groove enclosing cups| |1|1|1|
196 Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park b   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402813m 627723m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 116m Garmin GPS 12 2.5m S of Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 230cm 105cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fowberry Mains NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       There is nothing like this anywhere else: a very long rectangle made entirely of very small cups. One end has a straight line of cups; the other almost closes on three pairs of cups pecked below it. There are two larger cups above this figure. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line| |1|2|
197 Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park c   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402812m 627723m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 117m Garmin GPS 12 50cm SW of Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 85cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fowberry Mains NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A small area has a large cup at the edge, and there are three paired cups and a single one. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Domino patterns and parallel lines| |2|1|
198 Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park d   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402813m 627715m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 118m Garmin GPS 12 5.5m SSE of Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 110cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fowberry Mains NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       On the outcrop surface are two cups with two concentric rings each, one with an outer arc. There is a cup and single ring, with a cup below. There is a fainter cup and one concentric ring. None of these motifs is gapped; none has a groove leading from the cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Arc|Cup and multiple rings|Cup and ring| |1|1|2|2|
199 Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park e   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402813m 627728m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 117m Garmin GPS 12 60cm E of Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 290cm 175cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fowberry Mains NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       The arrangement of motifs takes account of the slope of the rock and its irregularities. Two main motifs are a cup with four penannulars and a cup with a penannular with an outer ring. The two figures are linked through their central cups by a serpentine groove that runs to the edge of the rock. Scattered over the rock are apparently random cups, but a group with rings clusters around the largest motif: two single cups each with a ring, a cup and a groove with a ring, a cup and a groove with a penannular and a cup and arc. One other ringed cup lies to the left of the second large figure. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup with groove cutting through ring|Ring|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and ring|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |12|1|1|1|1|2|3|1|
200 Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park f   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402820m 627770m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 115m Garmin GPS 12 44m NNE of Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park e and 1m NNW of the path. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 60cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fowberry Mains NO NO 1 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
201 Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park g   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402817m 627745m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 119m Garmin GPS 12 16m NNE of Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park e and 70cm E of the path. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 90cm 85cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fowberry Mains NO NO 1 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       One cup and two cups with grooves. Hard Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Cup and groove|Single or multiple cups| |2|1|
202 Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park h   The name Fowberry means the fortification of the foal. Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 402822m 627755m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 116m Garmin GPS 12 12m NE of Fowberry Mains/Fowberry Park g and 9m SSE of the path. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 135cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Fowberry Mains NO NO 9 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
994 Fowberry Moor portable       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Museum           A minimum of three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
622 Garleigh Moor East 1     Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405949m 598863m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 235m Garmin GPS 12 Garleigh Moor East 1 is to the west of the lower sandstone band. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 120 NO Open Access Approximately 120m Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A minimum of six cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
623 Garleigh Moor East 2     Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405978m 598903m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 246m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of outcrop rock about 50m NNE of Garleigh Moor East 1. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 425cm 230cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 150 NO Open Access More than 150m from the nearest path Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     led Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. A single cup with a possible two others. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
47 Gled Law 1   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401058m 630656m 2.8m Garmin GPS 12 135m Garmin GPS 12 40m NW of the fence and broken wall and 28m NW of the farmtrack close to the broken wall and fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 100cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 28 NO Seek Landowner Permission This panel is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. This outcrop has two figures. To the right is a cup with three penannulars which are not in alignment with each other. To the left is a cup with a duct at the centre of three penannulars, the outer edge of one being damaged. Hard Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Cup and multiple penannulars| |1|1|
48 Gled Law 2a   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400920m 630699m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 138m Garmin GPS 12 About 170m WNW of Gled Law 1, 18m NNE of the farmtrack, and 20m NNE of the escarpment edge. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 190cm 160cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 18 NO Seek Landowner Permission The panel is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     The carved rock, which retains two sets of motifs, shares the largest number of concentric circles in northern England. led Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. The carved rock, which retains two sets of motifs, shares the largest number of concentric circles in northern England. The larger has a central cup around which eight concentric grooves are arranged, and the small arc of a ninth. These rings are not perfect circles, but are made by joining lines. On the whole, the spacing between the grooves is greater towards the outer circle. Another special feature of the design is that there are three grooves radiating from the central cup, two of them linked as a diametric groove, and the other being wavy (serpentine). The second figure is smaller, with a central cup surrounded by six broken grooves. There seems to have been an attempt to leave a space through the grooves to the cup, and to make a duct, but the result of all this is rather confused. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Multiple arcs|Cup and multiple penannulars|Arc|Cup and multiple rings| |2|1|1|1|1|
49 Gled Law 2b   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400898m 630712m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 142m Garmin GPS 12 26m NNW of Gled Law 2a, 16m N of the escarpment edge, and 10m N of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 260cm 90cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 10 NO Seek Landowner Permission The panel is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. A thin outcrop at ground level with two cups and a curious figure that is made up of a small and large cup with what looks like the beginnings of an occulus. A groove from the larger cup loops round the smaller, and stops above the larger after its loop. Concentric to this groove is an arc, which relates only to the larger cup. Hard Arc: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Occulus: at least 1 found |Arc|Single or multiple cups|Occulus| |1|2|1|
50 Gled Law 2c   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400894m 630715m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 139m Garmin GPS 12 A large flat ground-level outcrop which is 2m NW of Gled Law 2b, 10m NNE of the farmtrack, and 16m NNE of the escarpment edge. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 250cm 130cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 10 NO Seek Landowner Permission The panel is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. A rosette of cups at one end (six cups around a central cup), a scatter of cups, and three cups with penannular grooves. One cup and ring. Two basins. Another small motif is a keyhole-type with an outside arc. By the rosette is a cup with a faint broken penannular and an outside groove. Hard Curved groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Keyhole with groove leading out from central cup: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 4 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Curved groove|Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring|Arc|Keyhole with groove leading out from central cup|Cup and penannular|Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line| |1|2|1|1|1|4|10|1|
51 Gled Law 2d   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400892m 630715m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 140m Garmin GPS 12 1m SW of Gled Law 2c, 8m NNE of the farmtrack, and 14m NNE of the escarpment edge. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 95cm 30cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 8 NO Seek Landowner Permission The panel is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. A small outcrop with a cup and ring and a cup with three penannulars, partly worn or faint. Hard Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Cup and multiple penannulars|Cup and ring| |1|1|
52 Gled Law 2e   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400892m 630708m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 144m Garmin GPS 12 5m WSW of Gled Law 2b, 4m SSW of Gled Law 2d, 4m NNE of the farmtrack, and 10m NNE of the escarpment edge. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 215cm 90cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 4 NO Seek Landowner Permission The panel is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. Split outcrop rock with motifs on both sides. On one side is a cup and groove at the centre of three penannulars and the beginnings of a fourth. A large cup at the centre of a penannular is linked to a smaller cup. There is a cup with an arc, a cup outside it, and three small cups with traces of arcs. The other half of the rock has a cup and penannular linked by a groove to a cup with two interrupted circling grooves. There are other cups, two with the beginning of rings, above which are two cups and an unconnected groove. Again, it appears that erosion has taken its toll, or the designs are tentative. Hard Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Cup and ring|Curved groove|Cup and penannular|Single or multiple cups|Penannular|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |2|3|1|4|1|1|
53 Gled Law 2f   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400890m 630715m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 144m Garmin GPS 12 1m NW of Gled Law 2d, 8m NNE of the farmtrack, and 14m NNE of the escarpment edge. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 235cm 140cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 8 NO Seek Landowner Permission The panel is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. A large ground-level outcrop of great interest, for one figure shows very clearly the whole process of making motifs with a pick. This pristine figure of a central cup from which a groove curves has three concentric surrounding rings, and lies on the downslope of the rock where the worst effects of ploughing and harrowing were avoided. The groove from the cup curves round, concentric with the outer circle, and appears to cut through a cup and two concentric circles. There are two cups, and then a mixture of large and small cups, circles and penannulars, focused on a natural crack in the rock, running in line with it. Beyond this is another scatter of large and small cups, one of which has a small arc. There is a large cup with three concentric arcs, below which is a small cup at the centre of a circle, a penannular, and an outer groove that branches off at a tangent. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 21 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with interior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 3 found. Penannular: at least 2 found. Ring: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 3 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and ring|Cup and multiple arcs|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and ring with interior groove|Cup and groove with arc|Cup and penannular|Penannular|Ring|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and multiple rings|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |21|1|1|1|1|1|1|3|2|2|3|1|1|
54 Gled Law 3   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401206m 630868m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 133m Garmin GPS 12 From the stile, proceed 35m along fence in NW direction and then 22m SSW of the fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 360cm 330cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Nearby is a grass-covered mound which is 8m in diameter. To the E, the public footpath that runs north from Weetwood Hill to a small stone setting (at NU 01320 31720 150m.), past an enclosure with outlying hut circles, between The Ringses enclosure and the marked rocks described below, to the Sheepfold site overlooking the Doddington Dean. Wooler Golf Club/Weetwood Hill check NO NO 90 NO Seek Landowner Permission Also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. This outcrop is on two levels, and has some very fine rock art at both levels. On the higher level is a cup and duct with five concentric penannulars and a trace of a sixth. Outside it is a cup with a faint penannular, below which is a linear groove ending in a cup, that links it with the design on the lower level. The lower level has two distinct types of execution: there are two faintly-pecked series of incomplete concentric circles and 27 cups, mostly bold and deep. The top figure has five incomplete concentric circular grooves centred on a crack in the rock, and the other group is four concentric arcs, again centred on a crack, that may have been penannulars. All the signs are that these figures are either earlier and eroded or simply tentative and unfinished. The outer penannular of one is cut by the wide, bold groove that encloses a very well-executed cup, duct and seven concentric penannulars, which is joined to the groove by a curving line that leads to the central cup and duct. The groove enclosure, formed as an irregular four-sided figure, tapering at one end, is interrupted by four big cups that continue its line. It could be that originally the course of the whole enclosing groove was planned as a number of joined cups (a technique seen on other sites), and it also seems that the upper layer of rock was included in the whole design. In addition to the multiple concentric penannulars, there are other motifs enclosed: three cups in a line, a cup and duct with a penannular, a cup and ring with a broken circular groove outside, and two other cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 27 found. Multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Multiple penannulars|Multiple arcs|Cup and groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Arc|Cup and ring|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and penannular|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Cups in a straight or curved line| |27|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|1|2|
55 Gled Law 4   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401034m 631242m 3m Garmin GPS 12 163m Garmin GPS 12 A ridge of outcrop with a prominent tree on it. This panel and Gled Law 5 lie south of the boundary wall and the public footpath which follows it on its north side. Gled Law 4 is about 80m S of the gate. The viewpoints are to the south and southeast. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 1150cm 980cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 70 YES Seek Landowner Permission Nearby is a grass-covered mound which is 8m in diameter. Impossible   Tilled     Gled Law 4 comprised of four panels. These panels require to be re-rubbed as not all the carvings are reflected on the existing drawings. led Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. There are four areas on this outcrop, which has some interesting natural erosion, that have motifs. A cup has a complete ring, outside which is an angular groove that may be natural, and four small cups in a cluster. A second panel has 20 small cups, two possibly linked by a curved groove, and some of the cups appear to be in line. The third panel has a number of small cups, one with an arc, and one with a faint rectilinear groove around it. Hard Cup and penannular: at least 2 found. Rosette: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 43 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Cup and penannular|Rosette|Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |2|1|43|1|
56 Gled Law 5   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401117m 631207m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 156m Garmin GPS 12 90m SE of Gled Law 4. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 730cm 230cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 100 NO Seek Landowner Permission The rock is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. A large outcrop with shallow cups, 14 of which are man-made and two may be natural. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 14 found |Single or multiple cups| |14|
57 Gled Law 6   A law is a hill.         Garmin GPS 12 0m   This is a small boulder embedded in a grass-covered wall by a lay-by NE of the minor road from Weetwood Bridge to the Doddington road below the scarp with Gled Law 1 and 2. Cannot now be found. Private   NO Unsure Unknown Could not be located during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. It has six cups arranged in domino patterns, similar to those found on Chatton Park Hill. Not Recorded Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found |Domino patterns and parallel lines| |1|
58 Gled Law 7   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400867m 630897m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 154m Garmin GPS 12 Gled law 7 lies in one of the many patches of outcrop that show through thin grass overlooking Gled Law 2. 70m SSW of the fence and 41m NE of a modern field clearance cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 150cm 30cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Weetwood Hill farm NO NO 400 NO Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 400m from the path. The rock is also accessible from the Wooler Golf Club. Impossible   Pasture     The rock was relocated by Ian and Irene Hewitt. Its viewpoint is towards the Horton Burn. Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. It has a cup and duct, surrounded by a penannular, with a second penannular, one end of which meets the duct. Hard Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|
98 Gled Law 8 Gled Law wall A law is a hill.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Private Owner South of Gled Law 6 and 7, this fragment of rock was found by Irene Hewitt, beside a wall, into which it had been incorporated as building material. It was rescued and is held by the owner of Weetwood Hill Farm. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         Gled Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. It has very fine motifs: a cup and duct with two penannulars. Another groove joins the outer ring. Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|1|
832 Gled Law 9   A law is a hill.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities This panel was not seen during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       A large flat-topped boulder with a very deep, wide cup. The precise location is unknown, but it came from the Weetwood Bridge area (Dodds 1935). It is difficult to say whether it is from outcrop or had a monumental function. Cups of this diameter and depth are very rare throughout Britain. Beckensall doubts whether this is a prehistoric rock. A single deep, wide cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
100 Gled Law 10   A law is a hill.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wooler Golf Club/Weetwood Hill check NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         A "detached stone with two deep cut circles and large hollows" was found by a Mr Bolam in the Weetwood Hill area, recorded in 1875 by J.S.Robson (Tate 1865, Bruce 1869, and Maddison and Sellers 1990). led Law is the continuation of the Dod Law scarp SW, with a similar view across the Till valley to the west, and sight of the river as it breaks through the scarp from the east to Weetwood Bridge. It is divided from the Buttony sites to the east by a small stream and valley. Although motifs on it have disappeared, George Tate (1865) has left an account and drawings of them. He says, "On the scalp of the rock where it dips into the hill, four figures are traceable; but from being very much defaced, it is difficult to make out these forms, even when viewed under a favourable light". The figures that he draws are a cup and ring, a cup, ring, a second interrupted ring from which curved grooves extend, a cup and three concentric rings, and a cup and two concentric rings. On the perpendicular western face he found and drew some other designs which are not of the same type; he thought them more likely to be medieval. The importance of this place therefore continued, and from it the Milfield Plain and Cheviots are viewed. The landscape has changed since then, in that some monuments have been cleared away. The most recent disturbance is the laying of a gas pipeline. The ritual significance of the area is suggested by reports of burials. At NU 00570 30620 (Mill Lands), W Procter reported that " In 1867 a cist was uncovered by the plough in a field near this (Gled Law) quite close to 'Cuddy's Cove'. Greenwell wrote, "The cist was found on June 21, 1867, in a sandy knoll rising from the River Till and in close proximity to one of the rocks engraved with the circular markings". This has gone. Davison and Davison (1935-6) said that "evidence still exists to show that Gled Law was used for burial purposes. It would be interesting to excavate at least two of the large mounds on the hill, either of which may be a barrow." It is likely that more archaeology has been destroyed or covered over. For example, Mr Davison also recorded "One cup with a faintly discernible ring" where it is now pasture. Mr. Tate reported that by 1868 "seven groups of inscriptions have recently been discovered. In this assemblage of sculptures, there are traceable thirty-six figures, mostly typical forms; yet in some cases, so varied and combined, as to present new figures." Plate V shows them, drawn from rubbings made by Mr. William Procter, Jnr. Mr. Bruce also drew some of them. The figures on Gled Law Site 2a in my illustration, with its three radial grooves, was discovered by Mrs. Procter. Mr. Tate says, " The whole of these sculptures were rudely formed, the incisions are shallow, and the tool marks distinct; the circles are irregular and had evidently been drawn without instrumental aid." He also noted that, "About fifty yards from these sculptures, Mr. Procter has recently discovered the fragments of a sepulchral urn of the ordinary ancient British type." His observations on how the motifs were made suggests that the rocks had been covered over for some time, leaving the motifs more or less in their pristine state. What Mr. Tate considered "rudely formed" means that no attempt had been made to deepen or smooth the cups and grooves; they were left with the pick marks clear. A "detached stone with two deep cut circles and large hollows" was found by a Mr Bolam in the Weetwood Hill area, recorded in 1875 by J.S.Robson (Tate 1865, Bruce 1869, and Maddison and Sellers 1990). Not Recorded      
12 Goatscrag a   The name ‘Goatscrag’ could refer to wild goats. Ford CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 397664m 637038m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 172m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the crag above Goatscrag Rock Shelter. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Entrance to Roughting Linn farm NO NO 50 YES Open Access Approximately 50m Impossible   Pasture     The position of the carvings places them precariously close to the edge of a big drop, and they look over many kilometres of land that includes much of the county. It is possible that Roughting Linn rock was visible from here, but it depends on the vegetation cover. Two cups are linked by curved grooves, giving the appearance of horseshoes. It is rare to find linked cups, and a cluster of 10 and two other cups on the rock is unique. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Arc: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups|Arc| |2|10|
13 Goatscrag b   The name ‘Goatscrag’ could refer to wild goats. Ford CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 397712m 637022m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 162m Garmin GPS 12 On top of the crag (on the eastern side) and 51m NW of Goatscrag a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 175cm 105cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Entrance to Roughting Linn farm NO NO 50 YES Open Access Approximately 50m. Impossible   Pasture       Two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
20 Goatscrag Rock Shelter   The name ‘Goatscrag’ could refer to wild goats. Ford CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 397712m 637022m 8m Garmin GPS 12 162m Garmin GPS 12 At the base of the crag, above the watertank Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO NO YES 1500cm 400cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Entrance to Roughting Linn farm NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     The discovery of animal carvings on the wall of one of the rock overhangs by Maarten Van Hoek, is the first instance of anything other than abstract motifs, but they were not regarded with certainty as prehistoric. However, the rock overhangs were certainly used for temporary shelter and for the burial of the dead in prehistoric times, as Colin Burgess’ excavations have demonstrated, and Van Hoek’s discovery of linked cups above the rock overhangs, or shelters, may be more than their being an accidental juxtaposition. During the filming of the site for a BBC programme, Ray Mears and I (Stan Beckensall) discussed the nature of the figures, and he saw them clearly as deer, and thought them to be prehistoric. They are similar to many others in the world, and may be contemporary with the burials. If so, they are unique in Britain. The deer that are illustrated here are on the vertical face of the rock overhang on a good smooth surface that faces south. The overhang catches the best of the sun. The rock shelter was excavated by Colin Burgess (1972). Four animal figures, which may be deer. Hard      
727 Goatstones a     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383335m 574769m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 255m Garmin GPS 12 29m WSW of the enclosure abutting the stone wall and 29m N of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO YES NO 80cm 25cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 29 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     The stone does not appear disturbed; it lies to the south east of the summit on a grassy slope near the public path with views across the valley to the Whin Sill and Pennines. It lies in coarse grassland in an area that has been quarried. To the NNE, about 25m away, is a wall with a right-angled bend and a gatepost at 8835 7477. To the NW is a stone marker (8328 74820) delimiting the quarry area. To the SE, about 22m is the path, and south of the rock by the path is a green mound, 4m in diameter with some small stone protruding. There is another similar mound further south down the slope, with more earthfast stone visible in it. The two mounds could be cairns or mining upcast, more likely the former. The old map routes the footpath along the crag ridge, and the new one crosses below this marked rock. Eight cups in a line, three of which are larger, and there are two pick marks. Hard Pick marks: at least 2 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Cups in a straight or curved line| |2|1|
728 Goatstones b     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383273m 574842m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 265m Garmin GPS 12 18m N of the marker stone, 20m S of the farmtrack and on the edge of a bellpit. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO YES YES NO 65cm 20cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The panel is either from broken outcrop or a cairn. Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 20 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     The panel is either from broken outcrop or a cairn. Three cups in a row. Hard Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Cups in a straight or curved line| |1|
729 Goatstones c     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383301m 574833m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 258m Garmin GPS 12 In a disturbed area of stone, bent and grass, 28m ENE of the marker stone, and 27m S of the farmtrack is a small mound, which is next to a rounded stone. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO YES NO 40cm 30cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 27 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A single large cup and a natural groove running through it. There is another small cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
971 Goatstones d     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383248m 574809m 4.4m Garmin GPS 12 261m Garmin GPS 12 38m WSW of the marker stone and 22m SSE of the farmtrack. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO YES NO 80cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 22 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Four cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
972 Goatstones e     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383231m 574799m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 260m Garmin GPS 12 20 m WSW of Goatstones d and 25m SSE of the farmtrack. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO YES NO 65cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 25 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
973 Goatstones f     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383476m 574870m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 247m Garmin GPS 12 A large prominent rock 3m S of the farmtrack that leads (along the crag edge) to the Goatstones farm. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 155cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Nine cups including one large one. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found |Single or multiple cups| |9|
974 Goatstones g     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383469m 574874m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 252m Garmin GPS 12 9m WNW of Goatstones f and on the edge of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 190cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 0 YES Open Access The farmtrack runs alongside the rock Impossible   Pasture       Six cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
975 Goatstones h     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383478m 574870m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 252m Garmin GPS 12 1m SE of Goatstones f and 5m S of the farmtrack. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 60cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 5 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup that has been quarried through. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
976 Goatstones i     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383336m 574858m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 252m Garmin GPS 12 A small rock in the middle of the track, partially covered by turf. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO YES NO 30cm 20cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
977 Goatstones j     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383527m 574776m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 245m Garmin GPS 12 110m SSE of Goatstones f, near the centre of the cairn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO YES YES NO 25cm 15cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The cup-marked rock is on top of the cairn. Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 110 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
978 Goatstones k     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383643m 574746m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 237m Garmin GPS 12 About 140m SE of Goastones j and 28m W of the concrete structure (? pump). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 140cm 75cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 140 NO Open Access Approximately 140m Impossible   Pasture       A minimum of 16 cups, four of which are deep. Four of the cups are linked by a groove. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 16 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|16|
979 Goatstones l     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383633m 574757m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 239m Garmin GPS 12 15m NNW of Goatstones k. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 130 NO Open Access Approximately 130m Impossible   Pasture       A minimum of five cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
980 Goatstones m     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383648m 574850m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 240m Garmin GPS 12 30m S of the farmtrack and 112m N of Goatstones k. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 130cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 30 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Two cups, one of which is shallow. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
981 Goatstones n     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383430m 574725m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 243m Garmin GPS 12 19m S of the large fluted rock. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 105cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 50 YES Open Access Approximately 50m Impossible   Pasture       A single large cup on top of the rock. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
982 Goatstones o     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383433m 574715m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 241m Garmin GPS 12 11m S of Goatstones n. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 65cm 25cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 50 NO Open Access Approximately 50m Impossible   Pasture       A minimum of three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
983 Goatstones p     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 383404m 574770m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 242m Garmin GPS 12 29m ENE of the southern end of wall that Goatstones a is 29m to the WSW of, and 20m N of the farmtrack the leads to the sheep feeder. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 60cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO NO 20 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A minimum of three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
1117 Goatstones The Four-Poster     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 382938m 574717m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 264m Garmin GPS 12 On a rise between the Ravensheugh cliff edge and the valley to the south made by the Coal Burn flowing east and rising just south of the stones. About 40 m east of farmroad going up the Ravensheugh Hill and 14m SSE of the minor track. The GPS reading is that of Goatstones The-Four Poster North. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO YES NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     According to the tenant farmer, Mr Lee, small shaped standing stones mark an area of common quarry rights for limestone. The Ravensheugh scarp has a profile of limestone overlying massive sandstone, and to the south is coal. The land has thin, poor acidic soil suitable for rough grazing. When Mr Honeyman inspected this site in 1931 he thought that he could detect an undisturbed rise in the centre, but later there were only signs of untidy digging. Aubrey Burl says that the four stones belong to a type called a ‘four poster’, most commonly found in Perthshire. Generally there are four stones set in a rectangle whose sides average 16’ (4.88m) east to west by 14’ (18.59m) north to south. The stones are usually graded in height and ‘a quarter of the sites have cupmarks, but these, unlike the tallest stone, are invariably on the eastern side, nearly always on the south east stone.’ He declares them to be ‘primarily sepulchral,’ having cremations that date to about 1800BC. The reported rise in the centre of this one may have been such a location. A few metres to the east of the ‘circle’ are the remains of a cairn. See individual stones. Not Recorded      
726 Goatstones The Four-Poster East     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 382940m 574715m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 263m Garmin GPS 12 3m SSE of the Goatstones The Four-Poster North. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO YES NO NO NO 70cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     According to the tenant farmer, Mr Lee, small shaped standing stones mark an area of common quarry rights for limestone. The Ravensheugh scarp has a profile of limestone overlying massive sandstone, and to the south is coal. The land has thin, poor acidic soil suitable for rough grazing. When Mr Honeyman inspected this site in 1931 he thought that he could detect an undisturbed rise in the centre, but later there were only signs of untidy digging. Aubrey Burl says that the four stones belong to a type called a ‘four poster’, most commonly found in Perthshire. Generally there are four stones set in a rectangle whose sides average 16’ (4.88m) east to west by 14’ (18.59m) north to south. The stones are usually graded in height and ‘a quarter of the sites have cupmarks, but these, unlike the tallest stone, are invariably on the eastern side, nearly always on the south east stone.’ He declares them to be ‘primarily sepulchral,’ having cremations that date to about 1800BC. The reported rise in the centre of this one may have been such a location. A few metres to the east of the ‘circle’ are the remains of a cairn. Twelve large cups and thirteen smaller ones on the top surface. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 25 found |Single or multiple cups| |25|
723 Goatstones The Four-Poster North     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 382938m 574717m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 264m Garmin GPS 12 On a rise between the Ravensheugh cliff edge and the valley to the south made by the Coal Burn flowing east and rising just south of the stones. About 40 m east of farmroad going up the Ravensheugh Hill and 14m SSE of the minor track. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO YES NO NO NO 70cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO YES   NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     According to the tenant farmer, Mr Lee, small shaped standing stones mark an area of common quarry rights for limestone. The Ravensheugh scarp has a profile of limestone overlying massive sandstone, and to the south is coal. The land has thin, poor acidic soil suitable for rough grazing. When Mr Honeyman inspected this site in 1931 he thought that he could detect an undisturbed rise in the centre, but later there were only signs of untidy digging. Aubrey Burl says that the four stones belong to a type called a ‘four poster’, most commonly found in Perthshire. Generally there are four stones set in a rectangle whose sides average 16’ (4.88m) east to west by 14’ (18.59m) north to south. The stones are usually graded in height and ‘a quarter of the sites have cupmarks, but these, unlike the tallest stone, are invariably on the eastern side, nearly always on the south east stone.’ He declares them to be ‘primarily sepulchral,’ having cremations that date to about 1800BC. The reported rise in the centre of this one may have been such a location. A few metres to the east of the ‘circle’ are the remains of a cairn. There are three, possibly four cups among the natural grooves. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
724 Goatstones The Four-Poster South     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 382940m 574713m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 265m Garmin GPS 12 4m S of Goatstones The Four-Poster North. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO YES NO NO NO 140cm 75cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     According to the tenant farmer, Mr Lee, small shaped standing stones mark an area of common quarry rights for limestone. The Ravensheugh scarp has a profile of limestone overlying massive sandstone, and to the south is coal. The land has thin, poor acidic soil suitable for rough grazing. When Mr Honeyman inspected this site in 1931 he thought that he could detect an undisturbed rise in the centre, but later there were only signs of untidy digging. Aubrey Burl says that the four stones belong to a type called a ‘four poster’, most commonly found in Perthshire. Generally there are four stones set in a rectangle whose sides average 16’ (4.88m) east to west by 14’ (18.59m) north to south. The stones are usually graded in height and ‘a quarter of the sites have cupmarks, but these, unlike the tallest stone, are invariably on the eastern side, nearly always on the south east stone.’ He declares them to be ‘primarily sepulchral,’ having cremations that date to about 1800BC. The reported rise in the centre of this one may have been such a location. A few metres to the east of the ‘circle’ are the remains of a cairn. Four cups and two grooves that may be slightly enhanced with pecking. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |2|4|
725 Goatstones The Four-Poster West     Wark CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 382936m 574716m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 262m Garmin GPS 12 3m WSW of the Goatstones The Four-Poster North. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO YES NO NO NO 70cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Nunwick - Whygate Road NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     According to the tenant farmer, Mr Lee, small shaped standing stones mark an area of common quarry rights for limestone. The Ravensheugh scarp has a profile of limestone overlying massive sandstone, and to the south is coal. The land has thin, poor acidic soil suitable for rough grazing. When Mr Honeyman inspected this site in 1931 he thought that he could detect an undisturbed rise in the centre, but later there were only signs of untidy digging. Aubrey Burl says that the four stones belong to a type called a ‘four poster’, most commonly found in Perthshire. Generally there are four stones set in a rectangle whose sides average 16’ (4.88m) east to west by 14’ (18.59m) north to south. The stones are usually graded in height and ‘a quarter of the sites have cupmarks, but these, unlike the tallest stone, are invariably on the eastern side, nearly always on the south east stone.’ He declares them to be ‘primarily sepulchral,’ having cremations that date to about 1800BC. The reported rise in the centre of this one may have been such a location. A few metres to the east of the ‘circle’ are the remains of a cairn. Four cups on top and twelve small, faint ones on the side. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 16 found |Single or multiple cups| |16|
984 Green Castle 1     Akeld CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 397842m 627949m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 164m Garmin GPS 12 The carved rock is in the holding terrace wall. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           Four cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
985 Green Castle 2     Akeld CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 398183m 627884m 5.1m Garmin GPS 12 144m Garmin GPS 12 The stone is set into the top of the lower rampart. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           Three cups and rings that are close together. One of the cups and rings has an exterior groove, while one of the others has two cups inside the ring and a cup as part of the ring. There are two cups outside of the cups and rings. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |2|2|1|
803 Greenlee Lough a     Bardon Mill CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 377500m 569400m 100m OS Map Sheet 0m   The carved stone, flush with the surface, lies on the edge of a Roman earth and stone-walled ‘camp’ that proved to be imposed on earlier ‘cord-rig’ cultivation. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown           A minimum of 10 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups| |10|
804 Greenlee Lough b     Bardon Mill CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England)       OS Map Sheet 0m   To the NE of Greenlee Lough a is an abandoned shieling that has a marked rock that may have had a prehistoric origin, but worked much later into a large and smaller basin, connected by a thin serpentine groove or crack Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown           A large and smaller basin, connected by a thin serpentine groove or crack. Not Recorded Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 2 found |Serpentine groove|Basin| |1|2|
732 Gunner Peak Camp, Barrasford a Gunner Peak Camp mobiliaries, Chollerford a     0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown Find spot: Approximate NY 914 749 Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         A 10 ½ ” x 7 ½” 3” (0.263 X 0.193 x 0.08m) stone was found among the walling of an oblong building at Gunner Peak Camp. Five cups on one side and three on the other. The cups were 1”-2” (0.03- 0.05m) in diameter. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
733 Gunner Peak Camp, Barrasford b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown Find spot: Approximate NY 914 749 Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown             Not Recorded      
676 Hallington, Cheviot House       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         The Northumberland County History records that ‘Traces of an early settlement are to be seen in a series of British graves on the outcrop of basalt half a mile to the north of the homestead of Cheviot. Within the mounds have been found a fragment of a whetstone of schist, a “cup--marked” stone bearing traces of fire…’ This was said to be in the possession of Mr R C Hedley at Cheviot, but is now lost.   Not Recorded      
653 Harbottle Peels     Harbottle CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England)       OS Map Sheet 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: British Museum Find spot: NT 943 047 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Because this is one of the ubiquitous Canon Greenwell’s sites, the slab that he dug up from a multiple burial site is now at the British Museum, where all his finds were sent. He recorded its position on the south side of a cist, facing inward, describing it as ‘reniform’, or foot-shaped. The site contained four cists, six unburnt and three burnt bodies, with food vessel pottery of a very attractive type. The site was exposed by ploughing up a cist in the last century. Canon Greenwell discovered that there had been a cairn on the site that had been demolished to help build a field wall. The cists were close to the surface, but had been formed in pits dug below the natural level of the field. The cist that had the motif had a food vessel in its south west corner. He did not include a picture of this food vessel, but drew one from the burial area that was almost identical. There is now nothing to be seen at the site. We cannot assume that the motif was put onto the rock at the time of burial; had it been, the date would make it early Bronze Age. The motif itself is uncommon: there is one like it at Old Bewick, 3a. The carving was described by Canon Greenwell as being reniform’, or foot-shaped. Not Recorded Ring: at least 1 found |Ring| |1|
14 Hare Law Crags 1   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401365m 635427m 4m Garmin GPS 12 131m Garmin GPS 12 In the plantation on the quarry edge. 37m NNW of the path running through the plantation and 24m SW of the fence on the eastern edge of the plantation. There is a small path that runs closer to the panel. Private   YES Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Woodland YES NO NO NO NO NO 300cm 145cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wrangham Farm NO NO 37 YES Access by Right of Way There is a small path 6m from the panel. Impossible   Forestry     The Hare Law Crags 1-7 area has been extensively quarried and mined, but is now pasture and used for timber plantations, so much archaeology may have been removed or buried. The rock art has survived on an elongated outcrop ridge aligned roughly SE-NW, partly tree-covered, highest at its SE end. The view from the ridge is widest and furthest towards Dod Law, an area of major rock art that rises from a valley between it and the Hare Law land, although the view of the Doddington Dean valley is obscured by land that rises to 130m. The view to the W is limited by the ridge of Doddington North Moor. To the E lies the Devil's Causeway, a major Roman road, but the view from the marked rocks to the east is blocked by a slight rise in the outcrop ridge. To the N the fields rise gently, and include the site of the English camp at Barmoor before the Battle of Flodden in 1513. To the NW is Roughting Linn, and to the NE the sea is reached via some undulating ground. This N-NE landscape is extensive, and today is mainly pasture. Tate (1865) tells us, "At intervals along the range, Mr. Charles Rea of Doddington discovered several inscriptions which had been covered over by turf. There are five groups of these inscriptions, and thirteen figures are traceable; all are of the common types; and one is somewhat angular in the lower part of the circles." His drawings of the motifs do not have much resemblance to what we see today, and he does not mention the impact of quarrying. The figures include an 'occulus' - two cups surrounded by two concentric ovals, an angular groove around a cup, a small arc and two cups, a small cup and penannular, and an irregular figure that has a cup with a circular groove, another groove concentric to it on one side only, and an arc. The central panel has a rosette type of design: two concentric oval grooves surrounding a central cup, itself at the centre of a circle of cups. On one side is an occulus, and on the other side a motif has been sheered away by quarrying. The most southerly panel has a cup and ring surrounded by an incomplete angular groove, a small cup and ring, three cups, and a three-sided angular groove around a cup. These motifs, with the occulus and rosette, are rare variations on the cup and ring theme. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Rosette enclosed by a ring: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Angular groove around a cup: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 2 found. Arc: at least 2 found. Penannular: at least 3 found. Occulus: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Multiple arcs|Ring|Rosette enclosed by a ring|Cup and multiple penannulars|Angular groove around a cup|Cup and ring|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Arc|Penannular|Occulus| |11|1|1|1|1|1|3|1|1|2|2|3|1|
15 Hare Law Crags 2   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401290m 635518m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 127m Garmin GPS 12 25m NNW of the fence and stile at the western edge of the plantation. Private   YES Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 235cm 135cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wrangham Farm NO NO 25 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture     The Hare Law Crags 1-7 area has been extensively quarried and mined, but is now pasture and used for timber plantations, so much archaeology may have been removed or buried. The rock art has survived on an elongated outcrop ridge aligned roughly SE-NW, partly tree-covered, highest at its SE end. The view from the ridge is widest and furthest towards Dod Law, an area of major rock art that rises from a valley between it and the Hare Law land, although the view of the Doddington Dean valley is obscured by land that rises to 130m. The view to the W is limited by the ridge of Doddington North Moor. To the E lies the Devil's Causeway, a major Roman road, but the view from the marked rocks to the east is blocked by a slight rise in the outcrop ridge. To the N the fields rise gently, and include the site of the English camp at Barmoor before the Battle of Flodden in 1513. To the NW is Roughting Linn, and to the NE the sea is reached via some undulating ground. This N-NE landscape is extensive, and today is mainly pasture. Tate (1865) tells us, "At intervals along the range, Mr. Charles Rea of Doddington discovered several inscriptions which had been covered over by turf. There are five groups of these inscriptions, and thirteen figures are traceable; all are of the common types; and one is somewhat angular in the lower part of the circles." His drawings of the motifs do not have much resemblance to what we see today, and he does not mention the impact of quarrying. Found in 1998. Previously tree-covered. The outcrop has two sets of motifs on the same continuous smooth sloping face. The first group is six cups, but the second has five concentric rings centred on a vertical crack that was later used to insert wedges for quarrying the rock. One wedge mark has obscured the central cup, but quarrying was abandoned before more damage was done. The concentric rings are faint, and not easy to see, and the rings are somewhat angular. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and multiple rings| |6|1|
16 Hare Law Crags 3   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401286m 635523m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 128m Garmin GPS 12 5.5m NNW of Hare Law Crags 2. Private   YES Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 260cm 150cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wrangham Farm NO NO 30 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture     Timber clearance has now exposed the rock to its southern edge. Cracks follow the slope of the rock, and smaller ones cut across the rock horizontally. Cracks mark off a triangular area with its apex to the north, and it is within this area that the two main figures have been pecked. The Hare Law Crags 1-7 area has been extensively quarried and mined, but is now pasture and used for timber plantations, so much archaeology may have been removed or buried. The rock art has survived on an elongated outcrop ridge aligned roughly SE-NW, partly tree-covered, highest at its SE end. The view from the ridge is widest and furthest towards Dod Law, an area of major rock art that rises from a valley between it and the Hare Law land, although the view of the Doddington Dean valley is obscured by land that rises to 130m. The view to the W is limited by the ridge of Doddington North Moor. To the E lies the Devil's Causeway, a major Roman road, but the view from the marked rocks to the east is blocked by a slight rise in the outcrop ridge. To the N the fields rise gently, and include the site of the English camp at Barmoor before the Battle of Flodden in 1513. To the NW is Roughting Linn, and to the NE the sea is reached via some undulating ground. This N-NE landscape is extensive, and today is mainly pasture. Tate (1865) tells us, "At intervals along the range, Mr. Charles Rea of Doddington discovered several inscriptions which had been covered over by turf. There are five groups of these inscriptions, and thirteen figures are traceable; all are of the common types; and one is somewhat angular in the lower part of the circles." His drawings of the motifs do not have much resemblance to what we see today, and he does not mention the impact of quarrying. The main motif is a cup with four rather angular rings, and there are faint traces of two radial grooves from the centre. Above this are three cups in a row. Between these and the main motif are two faint linked cups and a cup. Below the main motif, on the north slope, is a deeply-pecked cup and penannular, the cup having been made with a fine pointed stone, and made like an inverted cone. The outer arc has tool marks of a heavier kind. The making of the cup required considerable control over the tool, as it is deep and like an inverted cone. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and penannular|Linear and angular groove|Cup and multiple rings| |3|1|1|1|1|1|1|
17 Hare Law Crags 4   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401283m 635526m 3m Garmin GPS 12 126m Garmin GPS 12 4m NNW of Hare Law Crags 3. Private   YES Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 195cm 175cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wrangham Farm NO NO 35 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture     Found in 1998. The Hare Law Crags 1-7 area has been extensively quarried and mined, but is now pasture and used for timber plantations, so much archaeology may have been removed or buried. The rock art has survived on an elongated outcrop ridge aligned roughly SE-NW, partly tree-covered, highest at its SE end. The view from the ridge is widest and furthest towards Dod Law, an area of major rock art that rises from a valley between it and the Hare Law land, although the view of the Doddington Dean valley is obscured by land that rises to 130m. The view to the W is limited by the ridge of Doddington North Moor. To the E lies the Devil's Causeway, a major Roman road, but the view from the marked rocks to the east is blocked by a slight rise in the outcrop ridge. To the N the fields rise gently, and include the site of the English camp at Barmoor before the Battle of Flodden in 1513. To the NW is Roughting Linn, and to the NE the sea is reached via some undulating ground. This N-NE landscape is extensive, and today is mainly pasture. Tate (1865) tells us, "At intervals along the range, Mr. Charles Rea of Doddington discovered several inscriptions which had been covered over by turf. There are five groups of these inscriptions, and thirteen figures are traceable; all are of the common types; and one is somewhat angular in the lower part of the circles." His drawings of the motifs do not have much resemblance to what we see today, and he does not mention the impact of quarrying. The main motif is a cup with a serpentine duct that unusually flows up the rock slope. The inner ring meets the duct only on one side. The second is angular, flattened on the up-slope, the third following the same course. The fourth ring opens up slightly to meet the end of the duct, and there is an arc on one side only beyond that, with a cup at the end; this could be an unfinished fifth ring. There are other, fainter motifs on the outcrop slab: two cups with a single ring each, an angular penannular and cup, a large cup and ring, and a cup with a penannular, with a long serpentine groove running from the cup. At the lowest slope is a curious arced depression that appears to have been worked on, but not finished. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and groove with arc|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Cup and ring| |2|1|1|1|3|
23 Hare Law Crags 5   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401275m 635531m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 125m Garmin GPS 12 9m NNW of Hare Law Crags 4. Private   YES Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 270cm 85cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wrangham Farm NO NO 45 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture     Found just inside the wood in March, 1991, by Paul Sellers, when a new fence, now removed, was being erected. The Hare Law Crags 1-7 area has been extensively quarried and mined, but is now pasture and used for timber plantations, so much archaeology may have been removed or buried. The rock art has survived on an elongated outcrop ridge aligned roughly SE-NW, partly tree-covered, highest at its SE end. The view from the ridge is widest and furthest towards Dod Law, an area of major rock art that rises from a valley between it and the Hare Law land, although the view of the Doddington Dean valley is obscured by land that rises to 130m. The view to the W is limited by the ridge of Doddington North Moor. To the E lies the Devil's Causeway, a major Roman road, but the view from the marked rocks to the east is blocked by a slight rise in the outcrop ridge. To the N the fields rise gently, and include the site of the English camp at Barmoor before the Battle of Flodden in 1513. To the NW is Roughting Linn, and to the NE the sea is reached via some undulating ground. This N-NE landscape is extensive, and today is mainly pasture. Tate (1865) tells us, "At intervals along the range, Mr. Charles Rea of Doddington discovered several inscriptions which had been covered over by turf. There are five groups of these inscriptions, and thirteen figures are traceable; all are of the common types; and one is somewhat angular in the lower part of the circles." His drawings of the motifs do not have much resemblance to what we see today, and he does not mention the impact of quarrying. Quarrying may have destroyed others before 1860, with stone taken off the scarp edge. The design that has been well-preserved and executed deeply. A large cup has a groove running from it, with five concentric rings around it. The groove from the cup reaches the fourth ring. One half of the figure has symmetrically-placed grooves, but the other half meets an uneven part of the rock surface that slightly distorts them. The outer ring then does not link up to form a continuous outer ring, but ends in a cup outside the projected circumference. Next to it is another cup. There is also a cup that centres a circle broken in two places. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 2 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |3|2|1|
18 Hare Law Crags 6   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401265m 635540m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 123m Garmin GPS 12 14m NNW of Hare Law Crags 5 and 4m NNW of the farmtrack. Private   YES Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 150cm 90cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wrangham farm NO NO 4 YES Access by Right of Way The panel is 4m from the farmtrack. Impossible   Pasture     The Hare Law Crags 1-7 area has been extensively quarried and mined, but is now pasture and used for timber plantations, so much archaeology may have been removed or buried. The rock art has survived on an elongated outcrop ridge aligned roughly SE-NW, partly tree-covered, highest at its SE end. The view from the ridge is widest and furthest towards Dod Law, an area of major rock art that rises from a valley between it and the Hare Law land, although the view of the Doddington Dean valley is obscured by land that rises to 130m. The view to the W is limited by the ridge of Doddington North Moor. To the E lies the Devil's Causeway, a major Roman road, but the view from the marked rocks to the east is blocked by a slight rise in the outcrop ridge. To the N the fields rise gently, and include the site of the English camp at Barmoor before the Battle of Flodden in 1513. To the NW is Roughting Linn, and to the NE the sea is reached via some undulating ground. This N-NE landscape is extensive, and today is mainly pasture. Tate (1865) tells us, "At intervals along the range, Mr. Charles Rea of Doddington discovered several inscriptions which had been covered over by turf. There are five groups of these inscriptions, and thirteen figures are traceable; all are of the common types; and one is somewhat angular in the lower part of the circles." His drawings of the motifs do not have much resemblance to what we see today, and he does not mention the impact of quarrying. Quarrying may have destroyed others before 1860, with stone taken off the scarp edge. There is a long well-defined groove, probably natural but enhanced, that divides the rock north to south, and others less obvious that are parallel to it. There are many motifs, but the clearest are three sets of concentric rings in a line. The largest of these, to the east, has a cup and a very erratic duct that does not start from the central cup, and there are four sets of concentric penannulars, mostly angular, flattening to the south. The second in line, NE, has a ductless cup with two angular penannulars, their open ends facing the larger figure just described. Two grooves lead away from its outer ring on the north side, one so long that it reaches the end of the outcrop. The shorter of the grooves runs through a cup, and a cup with a small duct and penannular. The third figure, NE, has a cup with two angular rings. A little fainter than these three motifs, and to the south of them, is a cup with two angular rings, and a number of faint depressions on the surface that could be natural. The east part of the rock, above the long linear groove, has motifs of various depths. North of the largest figure are two cups with two rings, the outer rings touching. There is a fainter cup and ring in this little cluster. Further north is a cup with an angular gapped ring. On the east edge there is a thin serpentine groove leading to a cup, and short duct and penannular, and in line with this is a ringed cup with a groove (probably natural) running from it. This groove is joined by another from the edge of the rock, with a cup and ring. There are some other irregularities on the surface, which may be natural. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Angular groove around a cup: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 4 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Ring|Cup and ring|Cup and multiple penannulars|Angular groove around a cup|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and multiple rings|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|1|1|2|1|1|2|4|1|
19 Hare Law Crags 7   A law is a hill. Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 401212m 635539m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 124m Garmin GPS 12 58m SW of Hare Law Crags 6 and 11m E of the fence. Private   YES Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 295cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Wrangham farm NO NO 110 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Pasture     The Hare Law Crags 1-7 area has been extensively quarried and mined, but is now pasture and used for timber plantations, so much archaeology may have been removed or buried. The rock art has survived on an elongated outcrop ridge aligned roughly SE-NW, partly tree-covered, highest at its SE end. The view from the ridge is widest and furthest towards Dod Law, an area of major rock art that rises from a valley between it and the Hare Law land, although the view of the Doddington Dean valley is obscured by land that rises to 130m. The view to the W is limited by the ridge of Doddington North Moor. To the E lies the Devil's Causeway, a major Roman road, but the view from the marked rocks to the east is blocked by a slight rise in the outcrop ridge. To the N the fields rise gently, and include the site of the English camp at Barmoor before the Battle of Flodden in 1513. To the NW is Roughting Linn, and to the NE the sea is reached via some undulating ground. This N-NE landscape is extensive, and today is mainly pasture. Tate (1865) tells us, "At intervals along the range, Mr. Charles Rea of Doddington discovered several inscriptions which had been covered over by turf. There are five groups of these inscriptions, and thirteen figures are traceable; all are of the common types; and one is somewhat angular in the lower part of the circles." His drawings of the motifs do not have much resemblance to what we see today, and he does not mention the impact of quarrying. Quarrying may have destroyed others before 1860, with stone taken off the scarp edge. Outcrop is in two parts, that has 14 cups (two of which have ducts from them) and an angular groove surrounding a cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found. Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove|Cup and ring| |12|2|1|
1139 Harehope 1       408834m 622194m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 191m Garmin GPS 12 About 40m NW of Harehope burn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Eleven cups, four of which are indistinct. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found |Single or multiple cups| |11|
1140 Harehope 2       408834m 622205m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 193m Garmin GPS 12 10m NNE of Harehope 1. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Two cups and one tentative cup and pennanular. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular| |2|1|
1141 Harehope 3       408844m 622259m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 197m Garmin GPS 12 57m N of Harehope 2. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Eight cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
742 Hartleyburn Common 1a     Hartleyburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 363869m 561316m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 253m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the quarry. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 210cm 190cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Greenside Road NO NO 900 NO Seek Landowner Permission Estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Pasture     This big expanse of coarse grassland, coniferous woodland, steep stream valleys and marsh, used for grazing, has prehistoric enclosures that suggest a more ancient pastoral role. Small round cairns seem to be burial mounds rather than field clearance. There is quarried rock, but no cobblestones left. The sandstone is naturally ridged, which gives an arrangement of cups a more elaborate appearance. The four sites lie close to the Cumbrian border. A slab that lies on the edge of a quarry, with its ridges running from north to south, has a cluster of seven well made cups at its centre, and four fainter peripheral ones. There are eighteen smaller cups, some faint. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 29 found |Single or multiple cups| |29|
743 Hartleyburn Common 1b     Hartleyburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 363846m 561307m 3m Garmin GPS 12 255m Garmin GPS 12 25m W of Hartleyburn Common 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 175cm 155cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Greenside Road NO NO 900 NO Seek Landowner Permission Estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Pasture       One definite cup and few other possibilities. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
744 Hartleyburn Common 1c     Hartleyburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 363869m 561326m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 250m Garmin GPS 12 9m N of Hartleyburn Common 1a. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 120cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Greenside Road NO NO 900 NO Seek Landowner Permission Estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Pasture       Two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
745 Hartleyburn Common 1d     Hartleyburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 363870m 561325m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 254m Garmin GPS 12 About 50cm E of Hartleyburn Common 1c. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 140cm 100cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Greenside Road NO NO 900 NO Seek Landowner Permission Estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Pasture       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
746 Hartleyburn Common 1e     Hartleyburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 363770m 561261m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 252m Garmin GPS 12 90m SSW of Hartleyburn Common 1b. In the wall of the possible Iron Age/Romano British settlement. The rock is covered by lichen. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 85cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Greenside Road NO NO 900 NO Seek Landowner Permission Estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Pasture       Two cups, one of which has a ring around it. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |1|1|
747 Hartleyburn Common 2       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           A cairn kerbstone has a cluster of twenty small cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 20 found |Single or multiple cups| |20|
748 Hartleyburn Common 3     Hartleyburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 364118m 560583m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 221m Garmin GPS 12 7m W of the plateau edge overlooking Kellah Burn and 5m W of the farmtrack. The rock forms part of the ruined wall. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO YES NO NO 140cm 90cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Greenside Road NO NO 5 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture     It is tempting to think that the elaborate use of the rock surface means that it was intended for a special use, such as in a burial, but it unlikely that we shall ever know as it has been so disturbed. A large decorated slab. The natural ridged surface has been used in the design. It could have been dragged to the field edge. The surface is very ‘busy’, packed with cups and grooves. Some cups stand alone, but many are linked by grooves. One cup and groove has a small arc outside, another has a broken ring around it from which two thin grooves run parallel to the groove from the cup. A cup has an arc; another cup has a groove running from it with two arcs running from that groove. Grooves linked to cups are concentrated around the edges of the slab, giving the design a strong sense of movement. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Curved groove: at least 4 found. Cup and groove: at least 6 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 2 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 43 found |Linear and angular groove|Curved groove|Cup and groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and groove with arc|Cups in a straight or curved line|Two cups linked by a groove|Single or multiple cups| |2|4|6|1|1|1|2|2|43|
749 Hartleyburn Common 4     Farlam, Carlisle (Cumbria - England) 363984m 560470m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 217m Garmin GPS 12 9m W of the wall and 5m NE of the farmtrack. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO YES NO NO 90cm 80cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Greenside Road NO NO 5 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       Nine cups, four of which are in a line. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line| |5|1|
119 Hazelrigg 1     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 404603m 632680m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 77m Garmin GPS 12 From the old schoolhouse proceed W down path/track (St Cuthberts trail), cross cattle grid, and immediately to the right there is a fence about 5 metres from the track. The stone is on the other side of the fence. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Easy         The underside has not been examined, and the upward face is slightly concave. In this area burial cairns have been reported, so there is a possibility that this may have been part of such a structure. It would serve very well as a capstone, and the motifs are in pristine condition, indicating that it may have been face down in the field before it was dug out. The location and structure of the rock make it very unlikely to be from outcrop. The slab has many small cobbles scattered around it, presumably taken from the field at the same time as the slab, and a cairn source is possible. The long slab is shaped like a shallow trough, curving outwards from a centre line that has a cup at the centre, from which a line of pick marks runs in one direction, and a line of cups flanked by a picked groove in the other. It is like a curved spine. The cup also acts as a focal point for five picked grooves across the width of the rock, and these roughly parallel grooves are underlined by a long lateral groove that crosses the rock and ends in a large cup. Traces of incomplete cross-hatched grooves are seen at the bottom of the rock, indicating that someone thought of continuing the idea further. These finely-picked grooves cover much of the rock and continue the motif of parallel lines crossing a central spine, with some variation such as a groove that loops from one cup to another, and a serpentine groove that curves round two large cups. But the other element is the use of cups, and if one shuts out for a while the grooves, the cups form their own pattern: - a curved enclosure confined to the right hand side of the rock, and a line of four large cups across it. The effect is unique in rock art, and again we see how individual manipulation of common symbols can produce different effects. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 3 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 3 found. Crossed groove: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Serpentine groove|Cup and groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Cups in a straight or curved line|Crossed groove| |9|1|1|3|1|3|2|
120 Hazelrigg 2     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 404970m 632310m 200m OS Map Sheet 0m   This is a small block of sandstone which lies in a wood to the E of the road from Hazelrigg old school to Spylaw and West Lyham. It is overgrown and difficult to find. Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           Ten clear cup marks. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups| |10|
121 Hazelrigg 3     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 404970m 632310m 500m Garmin GPS 12 0m   A small boulder on the opposite side of the road from Hazelrigg 2. Private   NO Unsure Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown           A small central cup with an oval groove around that branches two small grooves (like a snail) that enclose a small cup. There is an arc on the outside. Not Recorded Arc: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Arc|Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |1|1|1|
122 Hazelrigg 4       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Private Owner Find spot: NU 0505 3117. The small stone was found in the Big Harkers Field west of Spylaw. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Part of the rock has been broken off, and it is possible that it has been taken from outcrop. There are four cups clustered in the centre of three angular grooves, all well-defined with clear pick marks. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and multiple arcs| |1|4|1|
986 Heddon Hill     Ilderton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 399649m 621795m 2.6m Garmin GPS 12 231m Garmin GPS 12 Below the cairn, on the edge of the ancient farming area. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           A minimum of 27 cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 27 found |Single or multiple cups| |27|
286 Hepburn Moor 1     Chillingham CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407995m 624810m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 259m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           Two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
287 Hepburn Moor 2     Chillingham CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 408078m 624505m 3m Garmin GPS 12 285m Garmin GPS 12 Large fluted and naturally cupped boulder, which has been split. It is 45m ESE of the standing stone. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 180cm 180cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road NO NO 350 NO Open Access Distance to road. Estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
244 Hepburn Moor a       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Private Owner Found at the west foot of the ridge. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown           A portable cobble which has a complex decoration for such a small stone: a ring around a cup with a groove leading from it, flanked by arcs and lines. It appears to have been used in wall building, but it is not clear whether it is from broken outcrop or a cobble used in a structure. Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Arc|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |1|1|1|
245 Hepburn Moor b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown           Decorated on two sides, a large and a small cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
246 Hepburn Moor c       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Chillingham Castle   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum           A triangular shaped rock with two cup marks. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
247 Hepburn Moor d       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities The cobble is marked ‘Chillingham’ that came ‘off the fell’ and is believed to come from Hepburn Moor. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       It was apparently rescued from someone’s rockery. Centrally placed is a cup at the centre of two concentric circles, well made. Not Recorded Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Cup and multiple rings| |1|
248 Hepburn Moor e       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic A cup marked stone in situ in a burial cairn on the high ridge. At the top of the Hepburn ridge is a prehistoric enclosure and cairnfield, probably the result of clearance for hay cutting or arable. There are several burial cairns too, one with a fine open cist at the south end of the ridge overlooking the Blawearie cairns. One cairn has a cup marked stone as one of its kerbstones.   NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Impossible         A cup marked stone in situ in a burial cairn on the high ridge. At the top of the Hepburn ridge is a prehistoric enclosure and cairnfield, probably the result of clearance for hay cutting or arable. There are several burial cairns too, one with a fine open cist at the south end of the ridge overlooking the Blawearie cairns. One cairn has a cup marked stone as one of its kerbstones. Cup marked stone. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
123 Hetton North Farm             Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Private Owner Find spot: NU 023 363 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Easy This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.         A carved stone ball. Not Recorded      
24 High Chesters (Cairnheads)     Doddington CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 400029m 633519m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 108m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         Following Stan Beckensall's note (below), the panel was re-discovered by Mr Barry Evans (Border Archaeological Society) in 2004. 'No one has seen this rock recently, as it is buried, so we have to rely mainly on the drawings made by Mr Bruce and Mr.Tate. Half a mile north of Doddington village just west of the A6111 road the stone was discovered by Miss Procter in 1859. As it was covered by a foot of soil, the clearing of the stone revealed fresh markings. Mr. Tate describes it: "It juts out from the hill side - an irregular mass - ridged and broken on the surface, sloping more or less in all directions, but chiefly towards the west; the whole surface, which is 9 feet long by seven feet broad, is crowded with figures, chiefly of the ordinary type of concentric circles, some of which are grouped into compound figures by grooves. Here there are oval, horseshoe, and pear-shaped figures. One form is very peculiar; a circle around a cup, and with two hook-like grooves from one side of the circle. Very rude are both the shape and workmanship of the figures; many of the incisions are shallow, still retaining distinct marks of the blunt tools by which the rock had, with little skill, been chipped away. Some of the hollows are, however, wide and deep. Thirty figures are traceable on this stone." Mr. Tate and Mr. Bruce drew the rock differently. It needs to be re-examined and drawn accurately. Mr. Bruce said that the Rev, William Procter "observed traces of burial which escaped the ordinary observer…groups of large stones, and beneath the cultivated soil, a fair quantity of fatty matter, apparently animal. The field had evidently been an ancient graveyard." The Rev Procter (Procter, W The History of Doddington p 8 MS transcription at the Literary and Philosophical Society, Newcastle upon Tyne) writes: From this field in my time scores of loads of stone have been carted off, manifestly broken by the hand for some purpose and conveyed thither in time long past. They were similar in size and form to stones used in building crypts (he probably means cists), hence we may infer that this Chesters field had been once a burying ground…Two crypts have been found in my time in the outskirts of this field. The rest had been broken up long ago. Whether Chesters and Cain Heads refer to the same field is not clear, but it seems that Chesters lies to the south of the Chesters field. Messrs. W. and G. Davidson re-excavated the rock in 1933, and said that it measured 8' north to south, 10' east to west, and was marked over most of its area with 67 markings, all with very clear tool marks. They left the rock exposed for three days, and it has been covered ever since. Its position is at a high viewpoint at 100m. OD that overlooks the valley of the Doddington Dean Burn to the massif of Doddington Moor and the valley flows into the Milfield Plain, so the site overlooks the access to the Plain. It is very densely packed with motifs, and occupies an important site in the landscape. There may be others still buried there.   Not Recorded      
796 High Shaw Farm, Staward     Haydon CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 380999m 559163m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 296m Garmin GPS 12 Gate post on the N side of the farmtrack, and roughly halfway betweeen the High Shaw farmhouse and the quarry. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   High Staward NO YES 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Difficult   Pasture     This cup marked gatepost, leading into the High Shaw Farm, is a rare example in this part of the Shire. The source may be a quarry to the south, about 200m away, a prominent place in the landscape. The gatepost has some well-made, large cups, mostly round and one oval. Seventeen are definite; there are three other possibles. Two of the cups are joined by a short groove. Hard Curved groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 17 found |Curved groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|17|
234 Hill Farm, Chatton   Chatton means Ceatta's Farm.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Information from Ian and Irene Hewitt's database.   Not Recorded      
800 Holy Island a       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown The stone came from the Palace excavations at Holy Island; a slot or gully in trench 7 (context 715). Trench 7 extended eastwards from the western perimeter of the site. Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         The rock is described as "a large stone fragment with possible prehistoric cup mark decoration on two sides." The rock is described as "a large stone fragment with possible prehistoric cup mark decoration on two sides." Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
801 Holy Island b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Private Owner   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown           Thirty seven cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 37 found |Single or multiple cups| |37|
741 Homers Lane, Warden     Warden CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 391127m 568344m 5.1m Garmin GPS 12 90m Garmin GPS 12 The boulder lies in a large spread of field clearance stone dumped 6m west of the wall that borders the Warden-Walwick Grande minor road known as Homers Lane. It is about 250m south of a medieval cross base marked on the Ordinance Survey map. Among many other boulders, the stone can be seen under a tree over the road wall. The field has a pylon in it. Av 5.1 Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         The boulder is about 90cm long, with a flat base. There are striations on an otherwise smooth surface. On top is a single cup, symmetrical, 2cm, deep, at the end of the boulder where it is 32cm thick. At the opposite end, where the boulder is 32cm thick is a perfectly formed smooth cup, 9cm in diameter and 4cm. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
693 Houxty Cottage     Bellingham CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 384935m 579169m   Garmin GPS 12 0m   Houxty Cottage stands on a hill beside the Bellingham-Chollerford road. Carved rock built into the outside kitchen wall of the cottage. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Easy           It has four concentric circles, with no cup at the centre. Not Recorded Concentric rings: at least 1 found |Concentric rings| |1|
337 Hunterheugh 1     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411747m 616777m 2.1m Garmin GPS 12 140m Garmin GPS 12 Hunterheugh 1 is a large outcrop of rock on the edge of sandstone crag overlooking the Titlington Burn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     Hunterheugh 1 was excavated by Clive Waddington together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson in March and April 2004. Clive Waddington has published a [http://rockart.ncl.ac.uk/interactive/documents/outreach/Hunterheugh_BAarticle.pdf,short report] on the excavation in British Archaeology (2004, vol 78), and together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson (2005, in press) has prepared a detailed report on the excavation that will be published in Archaeologia Aeliana. Following a visit to Hunterheugh 1 after the excavation, Stan Beckensall prepared a short report on his observations. This report is presented below. PREHISTORIC ROCK ART AT HUNTERHEUGH CRAGS Stan Beckensall (April 2004) 1. Background exploration. The first reference to rock markings at Hunterheugh is in the Northumberland County History, which says, ‘There are indications of plain cups on the wide expanse of rocks near the top of the hill, but in the absence of rings or ducts there remains an element of doubt about them.’ No precise location was given, and as the outcrop is extensive, this could refer to the excavated site or to an outcrop with cup marks to the NW by the public footpath to Eglingham. Tim Gates’ discovery during the survey for a gas pipeline survey of decorated rock among cairns to the north of the excavated site was unpublished. Paul Frodsham showed me a slide of this site, which led to my investigation, recording and publication of rock art on that northern hill site. Another site that I discovered has now been excavated. Only those parts protruding from stone and vegetation were drawn: the rest was left for excavation. My recording (Beckensall, 1995) included the Gates’ discovery. New discoveries by the public footpath to the NW appeared in Beckensall (2001), but the whole rocks were not drawn – only those parts with motifs. This followed some very significant discoveries on Beanley Moor to the north that have been recorded for the Archive. The potential of the Hunterheugh 1 site for significant new information lay in its being decorated outcrop on which a cairn was built. This links it with sites such as Lordenshaw, Fowberry, The Ringses and Dod Law, where the same phenomenon occurs (Beckensall 2001). The relationship between decorated outcrop and a cairn is best seen at Fowberry, where a double kerbed cairn with cup-marked kerbs and more elaborate cup and ring marked cobbles was excavated on top of a long decorated outcrop. There was no sign of a burial there, and the only diagnostic find was a flint scraper sealed under the edge of the cairn stones. Hunterheugh 1 provided an opportunity for more information on the relationship between cairns and outcrop. There have been many marked stones found in cairnfields recently, some embedded in cairn structures, throughout Northumberland. 2. The making of motifs Much of the decorated rock surfaces had been recorded before the excavation, but new panels and motifs emerged. There are two distinct features: motifs that appear faint and warn by weathering, and pristine motifs that show clearly how they were made, with tool marks visible. Such features appear at all rock art sites. The ‘faintness’ of a motif may be the result of erosion; ridges and grooves become smoothed by water action as a result of long exposure. For how long, we do not know. The other reason is that the motifs were pecked on only lightly – tentative, unfinished sometimes. The most important example in Northumberland of both erosion and fresh pecking is at North Plantation, Fowberry, where decorated outcrop incorporated into an Iron Age (?) enclosure has had a slab of its surface removed and a freshly-pecked motif made on the exposed base (Beckensall 2001). It has been suggested that such a removed slab might have been used as a cist slab or as a kerb. ‘Fresh’ motifs exhibit all the stages of their making; it is possible to deduce what kinds of tools were used. At Hunterheugh 1, as well as at other sites, the tool appears to be either a punch like a blunt nail or a wider chisel-shaped edge. In some cases both types have been used on the same motif, or by one tool that could do both. As these presumably belong to a pre-metal age, we assume the tool to be made of a rock harder than the Fell Sandstone sheets of outcrop, such as whinstone, and to have been impacted with a mallet or used as a hand tool with a pad to protect the palm. There have been recent experiments to produce such effects. What is strange is that no tool has been found on a site, with the possible exception of Dod Law (Beckensall 2001), although this has an uncertain context. Motifs were not added to the rock without consideration of the form of the rock itself, and often the natural configuration would determine the arrangements of the motifs. The most satisfying designs (to the modern eye) are those that use to the full the surface irregularities and slopes. Slope is particularly important, as grooves running from cups follow the rock downwards, and the spacing of motifs may take into account the natural divisions formed by cracks. At Hunterheugh 1 there are two kinds of surface: a fairly continuous smooth, sloping area with few natural irregularities, and rather lumpy surfaces. There are also hollows used to counter-sink motifs 3. Description of the motifs The most complex motifs are those to the east on a step in the rock, and they face east. No new ones other than cups and a cup and ring were found further east, and they were on a step down, part of the same section of outcrop. The cairn lay on the continuation of the north complex motif, and there were a few other minor cups and cups and rings to the immediate west. All these motifs are ‘fresh’. The two major motifs are distinctly different, although clearly arranged in the same direction, facing east in a slight flat hollow that today drains rain water from them. The southerly design has clear chisel-like and punched tool marks. At the centre is a cup towards which a radial groove runs but does not reach beyond the inner ring. The cup is the centre of two penannulars which are looped at their ends. A very thin groove from the cup reaches a bar running from one end of the inner penannular to the other, preventing the opening to the cup from being a complete ‘keyhole’ construction. The inner groove on the right runs further down the rock, and opposite to it some tooling has been placed to allow water to drain out of the motifs, left. An extra concentric outer arc was not meant to continue around the whole figure; it stops at a crudely-cut basin in which the chisel tool marks have cut into layered sedimentary rock. Outside this, left, are two cups, and above is a group of three. On the slightly raised rock to the west are three linked cups in a row and a pecked cup and ring, The northern motif, although sharing some of these characteristics, is different. In the former, the tool marks are much more definite and heavy; here, although the serpentine grooves are a feature, they are made with a very fine pick, becoming fainter towards the north. A recessed cup and another cup form an asymmetric centre to a looped groove that encloses them, twisting to echo the linked penannulars of the first figure, but continuing fainter to loop around in a bisected circle with a faint cup. The two motifs share sufficient characteristics to make it possible to assume that they were made at the same time, despite the contrast in picking techniques, and are aligned together. The north one has a made hollow in the same direction as the one to the south. On a slight rise there is a pristine pecked cup and ring and a cup. At a lower level on a step are two cups and a cup and ring. The motifs are unusual and special even in a county that surprises by the variations that prehistoric people managed to get out of simple symbolism, but lie outside the cairn. Further west on another level of rock is a deeply hacked motif discovered by excavation. It is a deep cup connected by an angular grove of the same depth to a cup with a thin ring around it. Its depth makes it stand out, on a north-south alignment, following the shape of the rock. Also to the east on the north side is a roughly rectangular block that has much fainter, eroded cup and single ring motifs, those at the eastern edge in a line. Other small cup and single ring motifs appear on the same rock. These too were discovered by excavation. Why they should be fainter than the more complex motifs may be accounted for by their being on the outside of the cairn, and thus exposed. Immediately west is a triangular shaped outcrop sandwiched between the cracks formed by lines of bedding, on which is a heavily-pecked cup and rings and a cup. There is some iron in the rock here, and the cutting of the motifs must have called for more strength and persistence. As all the pick marks are clear, it is possible that this part of the rock was covered over early in its history. At the centre of the site is an already-recorded group of faint simple cup marks, with a deeper ‘new’ cup on its north edge. The remaining decorated surfaces lie to the west. Most of these are recorded as rock 1a, b, and c. To the south a new series of motifs was excavated, all at a lower level than the others. In a long naturally sunken recess a cup surrounded by a pecked circle is the beginning of a heavily pecked, long groove like a stretched triangle. On either side the cup has two motifs of the cup and ring type, and other cups already drawn. North of this, in the same alignment, is a panel of cups and linked cups already recorded (as 1b). A strong feature of this is the way the cups are clustered at the top of the rock, then linked like a necklace, running down the slope to link up with a cup and two concentric rings and a cup with a faint ring that is unfinished as an arc of small cups marks where the groove was planned to be. The last area of rock to the north-west has been recorded at the top as 1e, with a packed cluster of cups. The newly exposed section on the slope to the north has cup and ring mark designs, some with grooves from the central cup, and all faint. The largest has a cup and two concentric rings. 4. Conclusion The excavation has produced only a few additional cups and cup and ring marks, but this has completed the total picture of what is on the rock surfaces. My report, submitted with detailed drawings and photographs, has drawn attention to the fact that it is not possible to make any observations about chronology from the evidence of pristine and worn motifs, as erosion is bound to affect exposed rocks. It is up to the excavators to relate any other finds to a possible sequence of events. I am not confident from what I have seen at the site that this is going to be possible. Even the most preserved motifs are those not actually covered by the cairn, and their preservation will have to be accounted for by natural covering of, for example, wind-blown soil and vegetation. Evidence of quarrying on the total mass of rock is ambiguous. Questions that I would ask are: what tools were available in Neolithic or early Bronze Age times (the possible age of the rock markings) to split rocks along their seams? The whole area has been re-used by generations after the rock art was put there, for there is a high concentration of enclosures for stock and for settlement, including a field wall that uses the outcrop and cairn as a guide. The excavation is only a glimpse. More work will have to be done, for example on the cairns and rock art on the hill to the north and on the enclosures themselves to find some answers. Drawing of enclosure marked rock It is significant that the rock art extends into the Iron Age (?) enclosures themselves: a group of domino cups, similar to those on Chatton Park Hill and Dod Law have now been recorded among grooves that are partly natural and partly artificial enclosures. A considerable amount of stone has been quarried from the wider area to build stockades/enclosures, and one wonders whether the excavated rock may have provided some. Our archive for rock art includes panels further to the east and to the north west. It now includes a panel on the outcrop edge of one enclosure to the west. It is possible that any future excavation that concentrates on the enclosures will find rock art that has been taken from elsewhere and used as building material or has been deliberately incorporated because it was recognised as a significant part of the past. Description of Hunterheugh 1 before the excavation. 1a: an outstanding outcrop, the most northerly part, has a large cluster of cups at its west end, some paired. Above them fitting into the natural strike of the rock are cups, one with two rings and three with one ring. There is a countersunk cup, some midget cups and a cup and penannular is linked by a natural groove to another. 1b: slopes to the south; a cluster of nine cups occupies the top end, then three cups of decreasing size are linked to form a groove that meets the outer ring of a penannular and concentric ring around a cup from which the flow continues with a groove from the cup to meet an unfinished cup and penannular. The groove continues from this cup to the edge of the rock. There are three large cups and six tiny ones to the west. 1c: a natural groove in the rock is surrounded by many cups of different sizes, one of which has a faint ring. 1d: is a very unusual marked surface on outcrop that is placed within the kerb of a greatly disturbed cairn. In the latter, a serpentine groove presumably continues to run under the cairn kerb although this has not been excavated or disturbed. The groove bends into itself around a cup. Below this is an oval with a small cup inside, and three small cups. At the centre of the outcrop is a ‘keyhole’ entrance to the cupped centre of a figure made up of three concentric rings with an outer arc ending in a very large cup that is partly natural. The outer arc is linked to the keyhole groove by a straight groove. This motif is rare, as is the technique of linking penannulars so that they are closed. The pick marks are fresh. To the south are cups with faint rings. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 134 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and keyhole: at least 1 found. Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Cups countersunk: at least 2 found. Cup and groove: at least 6 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Penannular: at least 2 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 5 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 3 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cluster of midget cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Ring|Arc|Cup and keyhole|Serpentine groove|Cups countersunk|Cup and groove|Linear and angular groove|Penannular|Two cups linked by a groove|Cups in a straight or curved line|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Cluster of midget cups| |1|134|1|1|1|1|2|6|1|2|1|5|3|1|1|
339 Hunterheugh 1 excavation - portable 1       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 23cm 21cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Hunterheugh 1 was excavated by Clive Waddington together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson in March and April 2004. Clive Waddington has published a [http://rockart.ncl.ac.uk/interactive/documents/outreach/Hunterheugh_BAarticle.pdf,short report] on the excavation in British Archaeology (2004, vol 78), and together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson (2005, in press) has prepared a detailed report on the excavation that will be published in Archaeologia Aeliana. Following a visit to Hunterheugh 1 after the excavation, Stan Beckensall prepared a short report on his observations. This report is presented below. PREHISTORIC ROCK ART AT HUNTERHEUGH CRAGS Stan Beckensall (April 2004) 1. Background exploration. The first reference to rock markings at Hunterheugh is in the Northumberland County History, which says, ‘There are indications of plain cups on the wide expanse of rocks near the top of the hill, but in the absence of rings or ducts there remains an element of doubt about them.’ No precise location was given, and as the outcrop is extensive, this could refer to the excavated site or to an outcrop with cup marks to the NW by the public footpath to Eglingham. Tim Gates’ discovery during the survey for a gas pipeline survey of decorated rock among cairns to the north of the excavated site was unpublished. Paul Frodsham showed me a slide of this site, which led to my investigation, recording and publication of rock art on that northern hill site. Another site that I discovered has now been excavated. Only those parts protruding from stone and vegetation were drawn: the rest was left for excavation. My recording (Beckensall, 1995) included the Gates’ discovery. New discoveries by the public footpath to the NW appeared in Beckensall (2001), but the whole rocks were not drawn – only those parts with motifs. This followed some very significant discoveries on Beanley Moor to the north that have been recorded for the Archive. The potential of the Hunterheugh 1 site for significant new information lay in its being decorated outcrop on which a cairn was built. This links it with sites such as Lordenshaw, Fowberry, The Ringses and Dod Law, where the same phenomenon occurs (Beckensall 2001). The relationship between decorated outcrop and a cairn is best seen at Fowberry, where a double kerbed cairn with cup-marked kerbs and more elaborate cup and ring marked cobbles was excavated on top of a long decorated outcrop. There was no sign of a burial there, and the only diagnostic find was a flint scraper sealed under the edge of the cairn stones. Hunterheugh 1 provided an opportunity for more information on the relationship between cairns and outcrop. There have been many marked stones found in cairnfields recently, some embedded in cairn structures, throughout Northumberland. 2. The making of motifs Much of the decorated rock surfaces had been recorded before the excavation, but new panels and motifs emerged. There are two distinct features: motifs that appear faint and warn by weathering, and pristine motifs that show clearly how they were made, with tool marks visible. Such features appear at all rock art sites. The ‘faintness’ of a motif may be the result of erosion; ridges and grooves become smoothed by water action as a result of long exposure. For how long, we do not know. The other reason is that the motifs were pecked on only lightly – tentative, unfinished sometimes. The most important example in Northumberland of both erosion and fresh pecking is at North Plantation, Fowberry, where decorated outcrop incorporated into an Iron Age (?) enclosure has had a slab of its surface removed and a freshly-pecked motif made on the exposed base (Beckensall 2001). It has been suggested that such a removed slab might have been used as a cist slab or as a kerb. ‘Fresh’ motifs exhibit all the stages of their making; it is possible to deduce what kinds of tools were used. At Hunterheugh 1, as well as at other sites, the tool appears to be either a punch like a blunt nail or a wider chisel-shaped edge. In some cases both types have been used on the same motif, or by one tool that could do both. As these presumably belong to a pre-metal age, we assume the tool to be made of a rock harder than the Fell Sandstone sheets of outcrop, such as whinstone, and to have been impacted with a mallet or used as a hand tool with a pad to protect the palm. There have been recent experiments to produce such effects. What is strange is that no tool has been found on a site, with the possible exception of Dod Law (Beckensall 2001), although this has an uncertain context. Motifs were not added to the rock without consideration of the form of the rock itself, and often the natural configuration would determine the arrangements of the motifs. The most satisfying designs (to the modern eye) are those that use to the full the surface irregularities and slopes. Slope is particularly important, as grooves running from cups follow the rock downwards, and the spacing of motifs may take into account the natural divisions formed by cracks. At Hunterheugh 1 there are two kinds of surface: a fairly continuous smooth, sloping area with few natural irregularities, and rather lumpy surfaces. There are also hollows used to counter-sink motifs 3. Description of the motifs The most complex motifs are those to the east on a step in the rock, and they face east. No new ones other than cups and a cup and ring were found further east, and they were on a step down, part of the same section of outcrop. The cairn lay on the continuation of the north complex motif, and there were a few other minor cups and cups and rings to the immediate west. All these motifs are ‘fresh’. The two major motifs are distinctly different, although clearly arranged in the same direction, facing east in a slight flat hollow that today drains rain water from them. The southerly design has clear chisel-like and punched tool marks. At the centre is a cup towards which a radial groove runs but does not reach beyond the inner ring. The cup is the centre of two penannulars which are looped at their ends. A very thin groove from the cup reaches a bar running from one end of the inner penannular to the other, preventing the opening to the cup from being a complete ‘keyhole’ construction. The inner groove on the right runs further down the rock, and opposite to it some tooling has been placed to allow water to drain out of the motifs, left. An extra concentric outer arc was not meant to continue around the whole figure; it stops at a crudely-cut basin in which the chisel tool marks have cut into layered sedimentary rock. Outside this, left, are two cups, and above is a group of three. On the slightly raised rock to the west are three linked cups in a row and a pecked cup and ring, The northern motif, although sharing some of these characteristics, is different. In the former, the tool marks are much more definite and heavy; here, although the serpentine grooves are a feature, they are made with a very fine pick, becoming fainter towards the north. A recessed cup and another cup form an asymmetric centre to a looped groove that encloses them, twisting to echo the linked penannulars of the first figure, but continuing fainter to loop around in a bisected circle with a faint cup. The two motifs share sufficient characteristics to make it possible to assume that they were made at the same time, despite the contrast in picking techniques, and are aligned together. The north one has a made hollow in the same direction as the one to the south. On a slight rise there is a pristine pecked cup and ring and a cup. At a lower level on a step are two cups and a cup and ring. The motifs are unusual and special even in a county that surprises by the variations that prehistoric people managed to get out of simple symbolism, but lie outside the cairn. Further west on another level of rock is a deeply hacked motif discovered by excavation. It is a deep cup connected by an angular grove of the same depth to a cup with a thin ring around it. Its depth makes it stand out, on a north-south alignment, following the shape of the rock. Also to the east on the north side is a roughly rectangular block that has much fainter, eroded cup and single ring motifs, those at the eastern edge in a line. Other small cup and single ring motifs appear on the same rock. These too were discovered by excavation. Why they should be fainter than the more complex motifs may be accounted for by their being on the outside of the cairn, and thus exposed. Immediately west is a triangular shaped outcrop sandwiched between the cracks formed by lines of bedding, on which is a heavily-pecked cup and rings and a cup. There is some iron in the rock here, and the cutting of the motifs must have called for more strength and persistence. As all the pick marks are clear, it is possible that this part of the rock was covered over early in its history. At the centre of the site is an already-recorded group of faint simple cup marks, with a deeper ‘new’ cup on its north edge. The remaining decorated surfaces lie to the west. Most of these are recorded as rock 1a, b, and c. To the south a new series of motifs was excavated, all at a lower level than the others. In a long naturally sunken recess a cup surrounded by a pecked circle is the beginning of a heavily pecked, long groove like a stretched triangle. On either side the cup has two motifs of the cup and ring type, and other cups already drawn. North of this, in the same alignment, is a panel of cups and linked cups already recorded (as 1b). A strong feature of this is the way the cups are clustered at the top of the rock, then linked like a necklace, running down the slope to link up with a cup and two concentric rings and a cup with a faint ring that is unfinished as an arc of small cups marks where the groove was planned to be. The last area of rock to the north-west has been recorded at the top as 1e, with a packed cluster of cups. The newly exposed section on the slope to the north has cup and ring mark designs, some with grooves from the central cup, and all faint. The largest has a cup and two concentric rings. 4. Conclusion The excavation has produced only a few additional cups and cup and ring marks, but this has completed the total picture of what is on the rock surfaces. My report, submitted with detailed drawings and photographs, has drawn attention to the fact that it is not possible to make any observations about chronology from the evidence of pristine and worn motifs, as erosion is bound to affect exposed rocks. It is up to the excavators to relate any other finds to a possible sequence of events. I am not confident from what I have seen at the site that this is going to be possible. Even the most preserved motifs are those not actually covered by the cairn, and their preservation will have to be accounted for by natural covering of, for example, wind-blown soil and vegetation. Evidence of quarrying on the total mass of rock is ambiguous. Questions that I would ask are: what tools were available in Neolithic or early Bronze Age times (the possible age of the rock markings) to split rocks along their seams? The whole area has been re-used by generations after the rock art was put there, for there is a high concentration of enclosures for stock and for settlement, including a field wall that uses the outcrop and cairn as a guide. The excavation is only a glimpse. More work will have to be done, for example on the cairns and rock art on the hill to the north and on the enclosures themselves to find some answers. Drawing of enclosure marked rock It is significant that the rock art extends into the Iron Age (?) enclosures themselves: a group of domino cups, similar to those on Chatton Park Hill and Dod Law have now been recorded among grooves that are partly natural and partly artificial enclosures. A considerable amount of stone has been quarried from the wider area to build stockades/enclosures, and one wonders whether the excavated rock may have provided some. Our archive for rock art includes panels further to the east and to the north west. It now includes a panel on the outcrop edge of one enclosure to the west. It is possible that any future excavation that concentrates on the enclosures will find rock art that has been taken from elsewhere and used as building material or has been deliberately incorporated because it was recognised as a significant part of the past. The rock has peck marks on both sides. Side 1 has a few peck marks randomly spaced whereas side 2 has an area of dense pecking along one edge extending over an area measuring 0.12m by 0.15m. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 2 found |Pick marks| |2|
870 Hunterheugh 1 excavation - portable 2       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 23cm 16cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Hunterheugh 1 was excavated by Clive Waddington together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson in March and April 2004. Clive Waddington has published a [http://rockart.ncl.ac.uk/interactive/documents/outreach/Hunterheugh_BAarticle.pdf,short report] on the excavation in British Archaeology (2004, vol 78), and together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson (2005, in press) has prepared a detailed report on the excavation that will be published in Archaeologia Aeliana. Following a visit to Hunterheugh 1 after the excavation, Stan Beckensall prepared a short report on his observations. This report is presented below. PREHISTORIC ROCK ART AT HUNTERHEUGH CRAGS Stan Beckensall (April 2004) 1. Background exploration. The first reference to rock markings at Hunterheugh is in the Northumberland County History, which says, ‘There are indications of plain cups on the wide expanse of rocks near the top of the hill, but in the absence of rings or ducts there remains an element of doubt about them.’ No precise location was given, and as the outcrop is extensive, this could refer to the excavated site or to an outcrop with cup marks to the NW by the public footpath to Eglingham. Tim Gates’ discovery during the survey for a gas pipeline survey of decorated rock among cairns to the north of the excavated site was unpublished. Paul Frodsham showed me a slide of this site, which led to my investigation, recording and publication of rock art on that northern hill site. Another site that I discovered has now been excavated. Only those parts protruding from stone and vegetation were drawn: the rest was left for excavation. My recording (Beckensall, 1995) included the Gates’ discovery. New discoveries by the public footpath to the NW appeared in Beckensall (2001), but the whole rocks were not drawn – only those parts with motifs. This followed some very significant discoveries on Beanley Moor to the north that have been recorded for the Archive. The potential of the Hunterheugh 1 site for significant new information lay in its being decorated outcrop on which a cairn was built. This links it with sites such as Lordenshaw, Fowberry, The Ringses and Dod Law, where the same phenomenon occurs (Beckensall 2001). The relationship between decorated outcrop and a cairn is best seen at Fowberry, where a double kerbed cairn with cup-marked kerbs and more elaborate cup and ring marked cobbles was excavated on top of a long decorated outcrop. There was no sign of a burial there, and the only diagnostic find was a flint scraper sealed under the edge of the cairn stones. Hunterheugh 1 provided an opportunity for more information on the relationship between cairns and outcrop. There have been many marked stones found in cairnfields recently, some embedded in cairn structures, throughout Northumberland. 2. The making of motifs Much of the decorated rock surfaces had been recorded before the excavation, but new panels and motifs emerged. There are two distinct features: motifs that appear faint and warn by weathering, and pristine motifs that show clearly how they were made, with tool marks visible. Such features appear at all rock art sites. The ‘faintness’ of a motif may be the result of erosion; ridges and grooves become smoothed by water action as a result of long exposure. For how long, we do not know. The other reason is that the motifs were pecked on only lightly – tentative, unfinished sometimes. The most important example in Northumberland of both erosion and fresh pecking is at North Plantation, Fowberry, where decorated outcrop incorporated into an Iron Age (?) enclosure has had a slab of its surface removed and a freshly-pecked motif made on the exposed base (Beckensall 2001). It has been suggested that such a removed slab might have been used as a cist slab or as a kerb. ‘Fresh’ motifs exhibit all the stages of their making; it is possible to deduce what kinds of tools were used. At Hunterheugh 1, as well as at other sites, the tool appears to be either a punch like a blunt nail or a wider chisel-shaped edge. In some cases both types have been used on the same motif, or by one tool that could do both. As these presumably belong to a pre-metal age, we assume the tool to be made of a rock harder than the Fell Sandstone sheets of outcrop, such as whinstone, and to have been impacted with a mallet or used as a hand tool with a pad to protect the palm. There have been recent experiments to produce such effects. What is strange is that no tool has been found on a site, with the possible exception of Dod Law (Beckensall 2001), although this has an uncertain context. Motifs were not added to the rock without consideration of the form of the rock itself, and often the natural configuration would determine the arrangements of the motifs. The most satisfying designs (to the modern eye) are those that use to the full the surface irregularities and slopes. Slope is particularly important, as grooves running from cups follow the rock downwards, and the spacing of motifs may take into account the natural divisions formed by cracks. At Hunterheugh 1 there are two kinds of surface: a fairly continuous smooth, sloping area with few natural irregularities, and rather lumpy surfaces. There are also hollows used to counter-sink motifs 3. Description of the motifs The most complex motifs are those to the east on a step in the rock, and they face east. No new ones other than cups and a cup and ring were found further east, and they were on a step down, part of the same section of outcrop. The cairn lay on the continuation of the north complex motif, and there were a few other minor cups and cups and rings to the immediate west. All these motifs are ‘fresh’. The two major motifs are distinctly different, although clearly arranged in the same direction, facing east in a slight flat hollow that today drains rain water from them. The southerly design has clear chisel-like and punched tool marks. At the centre is a cup towards which a radial groove runs but does not reach beyond the inner ring. The cup is the centre of two penannulars which are looped at their ends. A very thin groove from the cup reaches a bar running from one end of the inner penannular to the other, preventing the opening to the cup from being a complete ‘keyhole’ construction. The inner groove on the right runs further down the rock, and opposite to it some tooling has been placed to allow water to drain out of the motifs, left. An extra concentric outer arc was not meant to continue around the whole figure; it stops at a crudely-cut basin in which the chisel tool marks have cut into layered sedimentary rock. Outside this, left, are two cups, and above is a group of three. On the slightly raised rock to the west are three linked cups in a row and a pecked cup and ring, The northern motif, although sharing some of these characteristics, is different. In the former, the tool marks are much more definite and heavy; here, although the serpentine grooves are a feature, they are made with a very fine pick, becoming fainter towards the north. A recessed cup and another cup form an asymmetric centre to a looped groove that encloses them, twisting to echo the linked penannulars of the first figure, but continuing fainter to loop around in a bisected circle with a faint cup. The two motifs share sufficient characteristics to make it possible to assume that they were made at the same time, despite the contrast in picking techniques, and are aligned together. The north one has a made hollow in the same direction as the one to the south. On a slight rise there is a pristine pecked cup and ring and a cup. At a lower level on a step are two cups and a cup and ring. The motifs are unusual and special even in a county that surprises by the variations that prehistoric people managed to get out of simple symbolism, but lie outside the cairn. Further west on another level of rock is a deeply hacked motif discovered by excavation. It is a deep cup connected by an angular grove of the same depth to a cup with a thin ring around it. Its depth makes it stand out, on a north-south alignment, following the shape of the rock. Also to the east on the north side is a roughly rectangular block that has much fainter, eroded cup and single ring motifs, those at the eastern edge in a line. Other small cup and single ring motifs appear on the same rock. These too were discovered by excavation. Why they should be fainter than the more complex motifs may be accounted for by their being on the outside of the cairn, and thus exposed. Immediately west is a triangular shaped outcrop sandwiched between the cracks formed by lines of bedding, on which is a heavily-pecked cup and rings and a cup. There is some iron in the rock here, and the cutting of the motifs must have called for more strength and persistence. As all the pick marks are clear, it is possible that this part of the rock was covered over early in its history. At the centre of the site is an already-recorded group of faint simple cup marks, with a deeper ‘new’ cup on its north edge. The remaining decorated surfaces lie to the west. Most of these are recorded as rock 1a, b, and c. To the south a new series of motifs was excavated, all at a lower level than the others. In a long naturally sunken recess a cup surrounded by a pecked circle is the beginning of a heavily pecked, long groove like a stretched triangle. On either side the cup has two motifs of the cup and ring type, and other cups already drawn. North of this, in the same alignment, is a panel of cups and linked cups already recorded (as 1b). A strong feature of this is the way the cups are clustered at the top of the rock, then linked like a necklace, running down the slope to link up with a cup and two concentric rings and a cup with a faint ring that is unfinished as an arc of small cups marks where the groove was planned to be. The last area of rock to the north-west has been recorded at the top as 1e, with a packed cluster of cups. The newly exposed section on the slope to the north has cup and ring mark designs, some with grooves from the central cup, and all faint. The largest has a cup and two concentric rings. 4. Conclusion The excavation has produced only a few additional cups and cup and ring marks, but this has completed the total picture of what is on the rock surfaces. My report, submitted with detailed drawings and photographs, has drawn attention to the fact that it is not possible to make any observations about chronology from the evidence of pristine and worn motifs, as erosion is bound to affect exposed rocks. It is up to the excavators to relate any other finds to a possible sequence of events. I am not confident from what I have seen at the site that this is going to be possible. Even the most preserved motifs are those not actually covered by the cairn, and their preservation will have to be accounted for by natural covering of, for example, wind-blown soil and vegetation. Evidence of quarrying on the total mass of rock is ambiguous. Questions that I would ask are: what tools were available in Neolithic or early Bronze Age times (the possible age of the rock markings) to split rocks along their seams? The whole area has been re-used by generations after the rock art was put there, for there is a high concentration of enclosures for stock and for settlement, including a field wall that uses the outcrop and cairn as a guide. The excavation is only a glimpse. More work will have to be done, for example on the cairns and rock art on the hill to the north and on the enclosures themselves to find some answers. Drawing of enclosure marked rock It is significant that the rock art extends into the Iron Age (?) enclosures themselves: a group of domino cups, similar to those on Chatton Park Hill and Dod Law have now been recorded among grooves that are partly natural and partly artificial enclosures. A considerable amount of stone has been quarried from the wider area to build stockades/enclosures, and one wonders whether the excavated rock may have provided some. Our archive for rock art includes panels further to the east and to the north west. It now includes a panel on the outcrop edge of one enclosure to the west. It is possible that any future excavation that concentrates on the enclosures will find rock art that has been taken from elsewhere and used as building material or has been deliberately incorporated because it was recognised as a significant part of the past. Side 1 has a single cup with the peck marks still visible and side 2 has a random scatter of peck marks. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|2|
871 Hunterheugh 1 excavation - portable 3       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 31cm 23cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The rock was discovered in the cairn material with the cup mark facing outwards. Hunterheugh 1 was excavated by Clive Waddington together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson in March and April 2004. Clive Waddington has published a [http://rockart.ncl.ac.uk/interactive/documents/outreach/Hunterheugh_BAarticle.pdf,short report] on the excavation in British Archaeology (2004, vol 78), and together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson (2005, in press) has prepared a detailed report on the excavation that will be published in Archaeologia Aeliana. Following a visit to Hunterheugh 1 after the excavation, Stan Beckensall prepared a short report on his observations. This report is presented below. PREHISTORIC ROCK ART AT HUNTERHEUGH CRAGS Stan Beckensall (April 2004) 1. Background exploration. The first reference to rock markings at Hunterheugh is in the Northumberland County History, which says, ‘There are indications of plain cups on the wide expanse of rocks near the top of the hill, but in the absence of rings or ducts there remains an element of doubt about them.’ No precise location was given, and as the outcrop is extensive, this could refer to the excavated site or to an outcrop with cup marks to the NW by the public footpath to Eglingham. Tim Gates’ discovery during the survey for a gas pipeline survey of decorated rock among cairns to the north of the excavated site was unpublished. Paul Frodsham showed me a slide of this site, which led to my investigation, recording and publication of rock art on that northern hill site. Another site that I discovered has now been excavated. Only those parts protruding from stone and vegetation were drawn: the rest was left for excavation. My recording (Beckensall, 1995) included the Gates’ discovery. New discoveries by the public footpath to the NW appeared in Beckensall (2001), but the whole rocks were not drawn – only those parts with motifs. This followed some very significant discoveries on Beanley Moor to the north that have been recorded for the Archive. The potential of the Hunterheugh 1 site for significant new information lay in its being decorated outcrop on which a cairn was built. This links it with sites such as Lordenshaw, Fowberry, The Ringses and Dod Law, where the same phenomenon occurs (Beckensall 2001). The relationship between decorated outcrop and a cairn is best seen at Fowberry, where a double kerbed cairn with cup-marked kerbs and more elaborate cup and ring marked cobbles was excavated on top of a long decorated outcrop. There was no sign of a burial there, and the only diagnostic find was a flint scraper sealed under the edge of the cairn stones. Hunterheugh 1 provided an opportunity for more information on the relationship between cairns and outcrop. There have been many marked stones found in cairnfields recently, some embedded in cairn structures, throughout Northumberland. 2. The making of motifs Much of the decorated rock surfaces had been recorded before the excavation, but new panels and motifs emerged. There are two distinct features: motifs that appear faint and warn by weathering, and pristine motifs that show clearly how they were made, with tool marks visible. Such features appear at all rock art sites. The ‘faintness’ of a motif may be the result of erosion; ridges and grooves become smoothed by water action as a result of long exposure. For how long, we do not know. The other reason is that the motifs were pecked on only lightly – tentative, unfinished sometimes. The most important example in Northumberland of both erosion and fresh pecking is at North Plantation, Fowberry, where decorated outcrop incorporated into an Iron Age (?) enclosure has had a slab of its surface removed and a freshly-pecked motif made on the exposed base (Beckensall 2001). It has been suggested that such a removed slab might have been used as a cist slab or as a kerb. ‘Fresh’ motifs exhibit all the stages of their making; it is possible to deduce what kinds of tools were used. At Hunterheugh 1, as well as at other sites, the tool appears to be either a punch like a blunt nail or a wider chisel-shaped edge. In some cases both types have been used on the same motif, or by one tool that could do both. As these presumably belong to a pre-metal age, we assume the tool to be made of a rock harder than the Fell Sandstone sheets of outcrop, such as whinstone, and to have been impacted with a mallet or used as a hand tool with a pad to protect the palm. There have been recent experiments to produce such effects. What is strange is that no tool has been found on a site, with the possible exception of Dod Law (Beckensall 2001), although this has an uncertain context. Motifs were not added to the rock without consideration of the form of the rock itself, and often the natural configuration would determine the arrangements of the motifs. The most satisfying designs (to the modern eye) are those that use to the full the surface irregularities and slopes. Slope is particularly important, as grooves running from cups follow the rock downwards, and the spacing of motifs may take into account the natural divisions formed by cracks. At Hunterheugh 1 there are two kinds of surface: a fairly continuous smooth, sloping area with few natural irregularities, and rather lumpy surfaces. There are also hollows used to counter-sink motifs 3. Description of the motifs The most complex motifs are those to the east on a step in the rock, and they face east. No new ones other than cups and a cup and ring were found further east, and they were on a step down, part of the same section of outcrop. The cairn lay on the continuation of the north complex motif, and there were a few other minor cups and cups and rings to the immediate west. All these motifs are ‘fresh’. The two major motifs are distinctly different, although clearly arranged in the same direction, facing east in a slight flat hollow that today drains rain water from them. The southerly design has clear chisel-like and punched tool marks. At the centre is a cup towards which a radial groove runs but does not reach beyond the inner ring. The cup is the centre of two penannulars which are looped at their ends. A very thin groove from the cup reaches a bar running from one end of the inner penannular to the other, preventing the opening to the cup from being a complete ‘keyhole’ construction. The inner groove on the right runs further down the rock, and opposite to it some tooling has been placed to allow water to drain out of the motifs, left. An extra concentric outer arc was not meant to continue around the whole figure; it stops at a crudely-cut basin in which the chisel tool marks have cut into layered sedimentary rock. Outside this, left, are two cups, and above is a group of three. On the slightly raised rock to the west are three linked cups in a row and a pecked cup and ring, The northern motif, although sharing some of these characteristics, is different. In the former, the tool marks are much more definite and heavy; here, although the serpentine grooves are a feature, they are made with a very fine pick, becoming fainter towards the north. A recessed cup and another cup form an asymmetric centre to a looped groove that encloses them, twisting to echo the linked penannulars of the first figure, but continuing fainter to loop around in a bisected circle with a faint cup. The two motifs share sufficient characteristics to make it possible to assume that they were made at the same time, despite the contrast in picking techniques, and are aligned together. The north one has a made hollow in the same direction as the one to the south. On a slight rise there is a pristine pecked cup and ring and a cup. At a lower level on a step are two cups and a cup and ring. The motifs are unusual and special even in a county that surprises by the variations that prehistoric people managed to get out of simple symbolism, but lie outside the cairn. Further west on another level of rock is a deeply hacked motif discovered by excavation. It is a deep cup connected by an angular grove of the same depth to a cup with a thin ring around it. Its depth makes it stand out, on a north-south alignment, following the shape of the rock. Also to the east on the north side is a roughly rectangular block that has much fainter, eroded cup and single ring motifs, those at the eastern edge in a line. Other small cup and single ring motifs appear on the same rock. These too were discovered by excavation. Why they should be fainter than the more complex motifs may be accounted for by their being on the outside of the cairn, and thus exposed. Immediately west is a triangular shaped outcrop sandwiched between the cracks formed by lines of bedding, on which is a heavily-pecked cup and rings and a cup. There is some iron in the rock here, and the cutting of the motifs must have called for more strength and persistence. As all the pick marks are clear, it is possible that this part of the rock was covered over early in its history. At the centre of the site is an already-recorded group of faint simple cup marks, with a deeper ‘new’ cup on its north edge. The remaining decorated surfaces lie to the west. Most of these are recorded as rock 1a, b, and c. To the south a new series of motifs was excavated, all at a lower level than the others. In a long naturally sunken recess a cup surrounded by a pecked circle is the beginning of a heavily pecked, long groove like a stretched triangle. On either side the cup has two motifs of the cup and ring type, and other cups already drawn. North of this, in the same alignment, is a panel of cups and linked cups already recorded (as 1b). A strong feature of this is the way the cups are clustered at the top of the rock, then linked like a necklace, running down the slope to link up with a cup and two concentric rings and a cup with a faint ring that is unfinished as an arc of small cups marks where the groove was planned to be. The last area of rock to the north-west has been recorded at the top as 1e, with a packed cluster of cups. The newly exposed section on the slope to the north has cup and ring mark designs, some with grooves from the central cup, and all faint. The largest has a cup and two concentric rings. 4. Conclusion The excavation has produced only a few additional cups and cup and ring marks, but this has completed the total picture of what is on the rock surfaces. My report, submitted with detailed drawings and photographs, has drawn attention to the fact that it is not possible to make any observations about chronology from the evidence of pristine and worn motifs, as erosion is bound to affect exposed rocks. It is up to the excavators to relate any other finds to a possible sequence of events. I am not confident from what I have seen at the site that this is going to be possible. Even the most preserved motifs are those not actually covered by the cairn, and their preservation will have to be accounted for by natural covering of, for example, wind-blown soil and vegetation. Evidence of quarrying on the total mass of rock is ambiguous. Questions that I would ask are: what tools were available in Neolithic or early Bronze Age times (the possible age of the rock markings) to split rocks along their seams? The whole area has been re-used by generations after the rock art was put there, for there is a high concentration of enclosures for stock and for settlement, including a field wall that uses the outcrop and cairn as a guide. The excavation is only a glimpse. More work will have to be done, for example on the cairns and rock art on the hill to the north and on the enclosures themselves to find some answers. Drawing of enclosure marked rock It is significant that the rock art extends into the Iron Age (?) enclosures themselves: a group of domino cups, similar to those on Chatton Park Hill and Dod Law have now been recorded among grooves that are partly natural and partly artificial enclosures. A considerable amount of stone has been quarried from the wider area to build stockades/enclosures, and one wonders whether the excavated rock may have provided some. Our archive for rock art includes panels further to the east and to the north west. It now includes a panel on the outcrop edge of one enclosure to the west. It is possible that any future excavation that concentrates on the enclosures will find rock art that has been taken from elsewhere and used as building material or has been deliberately incorporated because it was recognised as a significant part of the past. There is a single cup with the peck marks still visible and a few scattered peck marks on one side. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
872 Hunterheugh 1 excavation - portable 4       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 45cm 24cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The rock was discovered in the cairn material with the groove facing inwards. Hunterheugh 1 was excavated by Clive Waddington together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson in March and April 2004. Clive Waddington has published a [http://rockart.ncl.ac.uk/interactive/documents/outreach/Hunterheugh_BAarticle.pdf,short report] on the excavation in British Archaeology (2004, vol 78), and together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson (2005, in press) has prepared a detailed report on the excavation that will be published in Archaeologia Aeliana. Following a visit to Hunterheugh 1 after the excavation, Stan Beckensall prepared a short report on his observations. This report is presented below. PREHISTORIC ROCK ART AT HUNTERHEUGH CRAGS Stan Beckensall (April 2004) 1. Background exploration. The first reference to rock markings at Hunterheugh is in the Northumberland County History, which says, ‘There are indications of plain cups on the wide expanse of rocks near the top of the hill, but in the absence of rings or ducts there remains an element of doubt about them.’ No precise location was given, and as the outcrop is extensive, this could refer to the excavated site or to an outcrop with cup marks to the NW by the public footpath to Eglingham. Tim Gates’ discovery during the survey for a gas pipeline survey of decorated rock among cairns to the north of the excavated site was unpublished. Paul Frodsham showed me a slide of this site, which led to my investigation, recording and publication of rock art on that northern hill site. Another site that I discovered has now been excavated. Only those parts protruding from stone and vegetation were drawn: the rest was left for excavation. My recording (Beckensall, 1995) included the Gates’ discovery. New discoveries by the public footpath to the NW appeared in Beckensall (2001), but the whole rocks were not drawn – only those parts with motifs. This followed some very significant discoveries on Beanley Moor to the north that have been recorded for the Archive. The potential of the Hunterheugh 1 site for significant new information lay in its being decorated outcrop on which a cairn was built. This links it with sites such as Lordenshaw, Fowberry, The Ringses and Dod Law, where the same phenomenon occurs (Beckensall 2001). The relationship between decorated outcrop and a cairn is best seen at Fowberry, where a double kerbed cairn with cup-marked kerbs and more elaborate cup and ring marked cobbles was excavated on top of a long decorated outcrop. There was no sign of a burial there, and the only diagnostic find was a flint scraper sealed under the edge of the cairn stones. Hunterheugh 1 provided an opportunity for more information on the relationship between cairns and outcrop. There have been many marked stones found in cairnfields recently, some embedded in cairn structures, throughout Northumberland. 2. The making of motifs Much of the decorated rock surfaces had been recorded before the excavation, but new panels and motifs emerged. There are two distinct features: motifs that appear faint and warn by weathering, and pristine motifs that show clearly how they were made, with tool marks visible. Such features appear at all rock art sites. The ‘faintness’ of a motif may be the result of erosion; ridges and grooves become smoothed by water action as a result of long exposure. For how long, we do not know. The other reason is that the motifs were pecked on only lightly – tentative, unfinished sometimes. The most important example in Northumberland of both erosion and fresh pecking is at North Plantation, Fowberry, where decorated outcrop incorporated into an Iron Age (?) enclosure has had a slab of its surface removed and a freshly-pecked motif made on the exposed base (Beckensall 2001). It has been suggested that such a removed slab might have been used as a cist slab or as a kerb. ‘Fresh’ motifs exhibit all the stages of their making; it is possible to deduce what kinds of tools were used. At Hunterheugh 1, as well as at other sites, the tool appears to be either a punch like a blunt nail or a wider chisel-shaped edge. In some cases both types have been used on the same motif, or by one tool that could do both. As these presumably belong to a pre-metal age, we assume the tool to be made of a rock harder than the Fell Sandstone sheets of outcrop, such as whinstone, and to have been impacted with a mallet or used as a hand tool with a pad to protect the palm. There have been recent experiments to produce such effects. What is strange is that no tool has been found on a site, with the possible exception of Dod Law (Beckensall 2001), although this has an uncertain context. Motifs were not added to the rock without consideration of the form of the rock itself, and often the natural configuration would determine the arrangements of the motifs. The most satisfying designs (to the modern eye) are those that use to the full the surface irregularities and slopes. Slope is particularly important, as grooves running from cups follow the rock downwards, and the spacing of motifs may take into account the natural divisions formed by cracks. At Hunterheugh 1 there are two kinds of surface: a fairly continuous smooth, sloping area with few natural irregularities, and rather lumpy surfaces. There are also hollows used to counter-sink motifs 3. Description of the motifs The most complex motifs are those to the east on a step in the rock, and they face east. No new ones other than cups and a cup and ring were found further east, and they were on a step down, part of the same section of outcrop. The cairn lay on the continuation of the north complex motif, and there were a few other minor cups and cups and rings to the immediate west. All these motifs are ‘fresh’. The two major motifs are distinctly different, although clearly arranged in the same direction, facing east in a slight flat hollow that today drains rain water from them. The southerly design has clear chisel-like and punched tool marks. At the centre is a cup towards which a radial groove runs but does not reach beyond the inner ring. The cup is the centre of two penannulars which are looped at their ends. A very thin groove from the cup reaches a bar running from one end of the inner penannular to the other, preventing the opening to the cup from being a complete ‘keyhole’ construction. The inner groove on the right runs further down the rock, and opposite to it some tooling has been placed to allow water to drain out of the motifs, left. An extra concentric outer arc was not meant to continue around the whole figure; it stops at a crudely-cut basin in which the chisel tool marks have cut into layered sedimentary rock. Outside this, left, are two cups, and above is a group of three. On the slightly raised rock to the west are three linked cups in a row and a pecked cup and ring, The northern motif, although sharing some of these characteristics, is different. In the former, the tool marks are much more definite and heavy; here, although the serpentine grooves are a feature, they are made with a very fine pick, becoming fainter towards the north. A recessed cup and another cup form an asymmetric centre to a looped groove that encloses them, twisting to echo the linked penannulars of the first figure, but continuing fainter to loop around in a bisected circle with a faint cup. The two motifs share sufficient characteristics to make it possible to assume that they were made at the same time, despite the contrast in picking techniques, and are aligned together. The north one has a made hollow in the same direction as the one to the south. On a slight rise there is a pristine pecked cup and ring and a cup. At a lower level on a step are two cups and a cup and ring. The motifs are unusual and special even in a county that surprises by the variations that prehistoric people managed to get out of simple symbolism, but lie outside the cairn. Further west on another level of rock is a deeply hacked motif discovered by excavation. It is a deep cup connected by an angular grove of the same depth to a cup with a thin ring around it. Its depth makes it stand out, on a north-south alignment, following the shape of the rock. Also to the east on the north side is a roughly rectangular block that has much fainter, eroded cup and single ring motifs, those at the eastern edge in a line. Other small cup and single ring motifs appear on the same rock. These too were discovered by excavation. Why they should be fainter than the more complex motifs may be accounted for by their being on the outside of the cairn, and thus exposed. Immediately west is a triangular shaped outcrop sandwiched between the cracks formed by lines of bedding, on which is a heavily-pecked cup and rings and a cup. There is some iron in the rock here, and the cutting of the motifs must have called for more strength and persistence. As all the pick marks are clear, it is possible that this part of the rock was covered over early in its history. At the centre of the site is an already-recorded group of faint simple cup marks, with a deeper ‘new’ cup on its north edge. The remaining decorated surfaces lie to the west. Most of these are recorded as rock 1a, b, and c. To the south a new series of motifs was excavated, all at a lower level than the others. In a long naturally sunken recess a cup surrounded by a pecked circle is the beginning of a heavily pecked, long groove like a stretched triangle. On either side the cup has two motifs of the cup and ring type, and other cups already drawn. North of this, in the same alignment, is a panel of cups and linked cups already recorded (as 1b). A strong feature of this is the way the cups are clustered at the top of the rock, then linked like a necklace, running down the slope to link up with a cup and two concentric rings and a cup with a faint ring that is unfinished as an arc of small cups marks where the groove was planned to be. The last area of rock to the north-west has been recorded at the top as 1e, with a packed cluster of cups. The newly exposed section on the slope to the north has cup and ring mark designs, some with grooves from the central cup, and all faint. The largest has a cup and two concentric rings. 4. Conclusion The excavation has produced only a few additional cups and cup and ring marks, but this has completed the total picture of what is on the rock surfaces. My report, submitted with detailed drawings and photographs, has drawn attention to the fact that it is not possible to make any observations about chronology from the evidence of pristine and worn motifs, as erosion is bound to affect exposed rocks. It is up to the excavators to relate any other finds to a possible sequence of events. I am not confident from what I have seen at the site that this is going to be possible. Even the most preserved motifs are those not actually covered by the cairn, and their preservation will have to be accounted for by natural covering of, for example, wind-blown soil and vegetation. Evidence of quarrying on the total mass of rock is ambiguous. Questions that I would ask are: what tools were available in Neolithic or early Bronze Age times (the possible age of the rock markings) to split rocks along their seams? The whole area has been re-used by generations after the rock art was put there, for there is a high concentration of enclosures for stock and for settlement, including a field wall that uses the outcrop and cairn as a guide. The excavation is only a glimpse. More work will have to be done, for example on the cairns and rock art on the hill to the north and on the enclosures themselves to find some answers. Drawing of enclosure marked rock It is significant that the rock art extends into the Iron Age (?) enclosures themselves: a group of domino cups, similar to those on Chatton Park Hill and Dod Law have now been recorded among grooves that are partly natural and partly artificial enclosures. A considerable amount of stone has been quarried from the wider area to build stockades/enclosures, and one wonders whether the excavated rock may have provided some. Our archive for rock art includes panels further to the east and to the north west. It now includes a panel on the outcrop edge of one enclosure to the west. It is possible that any future excavation that concentrates on the enclosures will find rock art that has been taken from elsewhere and used as building material or has been deliberately incorporated because it was recognised as a significant part of the past. There is a single groove on one side with the peck marks still visible measuring 0.11m by 0.025m. Not Recorded Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Pick marks| |1|1|
873 Hunterheugh 1 excavation - portable 5       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 33cm 30cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The rock was discovered in the cairn material with the cup mark facing outwards. Hunterheugh 1 was excavated by Clive Waddington together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson in March and April 2004. Clive Waddington has published a [http://rockart.ncl.ac.uk/interactive/documents/outreach/Hunterheugh_BAarticle.pdf,short report] on the excavation in British Archaeology (2004, vol 78), and together with Aron Mazel and Ben Johnson (2005, in press) has prepared a detailed report on the excavation that will be published in Archaeologia Aeliana. Following a visit to Hunterheugh 1 after the excavation, Stan Beckensall prepared a short report on his observations. This report is presented below. PREHISTORIC ROCK ART AT HUNTERHEUGH CRAGS Stan Beckensall (April 2004) 1. Background exploration. The first reference to rock markings at Hunterheugh is in the Northumberland County History, which says, ‘There are indications of plain cups on the wide expanse of rocks near the top of the hill, but in the absence of rings or ducts there remains an element of doubt about them.’ No precise location was given, and as the outcrop is extensive, this could refer to the excavated site or to an outcrop with cup marks to the NW by the public footpath to Eglingham. Tim Gates’ discovery during the survey for a gas pipeline survey of decorated rock among cairns to the north of the excavated site was unpublished. Paul Frodsham showed me a slide of this site, which led to my investigation, recording and publication of rock art on that northern hill site. Another site that I discovered has now been excavated. Only those parts protruding from stone and vegetation were drawn: the rest was left for excavation. My recording (Beckensall, 1995) included the Gates’ discovery. New discoveries by the public footpath to the NW appeared in Beckensall (2001), but the whole rocks were not drawn – only those parts with motifs. This followed some very significant discoveries on Beanley Moor to the north that have been recorded for the Archive. The potential of the Hunterheugh 1 site for significant new information lay in its being decorated outcrop on which a cairn was built. This links it with sites such as Lordenshaw, Fowberry, The Ringses and Dod Law, where the same phenomenon occurs (Beckensall 2001). The relationship between decorated outcrop and a cairn is best seen at Fowberry, where a double kerbed cairn with cup-marked kerbs and more elaborate cup and ring marked cobbles was excavated on top of a long decorated outcrop. There was no sign of a burial there, and the only diagnostic find was a flint scraper sealed under the edge of the cairn stones. Hunterheugh 1 provided an opportunity for more information on the relationship between cairns and outcrop. There have been many marked stones found in cairnfields recently, some embedded in cairn structures, throughout Northumberland. 2. The making of motifs Much of the decorated rock surfaces had been recorded before the excavation, but new panels and motifs emerged. There are two distinct features: motifs that appear faint and warn by weathering, and pristine motifs that show clearly how they were made, with tool marks visible. Such features appear at all rock art sites. The ‘faintness’ of a motif may be the result of erosion; ridges and grooves become smoothed by water action as a result of long exposure. For how long, we do not know. The other reason is that the motifs were pecked on only lightly – tentative, unfinished sometimes. The most important example in Northumberland of both erosion and fresh pecking is at North Plantation, Fowberry, where decorated outcrop incorporated into an Iron Age (?) enclosure has had a slab of its surface removed and a freshly-pecked motif made on the exposed base (Beckensall 2001). It has been suggested that such a removed slab might have been used as a cist slab or as a kerb. ‘Fresh’ motifs exhibit all the stages of their making; it is possible to deduce what kinds of tools were used. At Hunterheugh 1, as well as at other sites, the tool appears to be either a punch like a blunt nail or a wider chisel-shaped edge. In some cases both types have been used on the same motif, or by one tool that could do both. As these presumably belong to a pre-metal age, we assume the tool to be made of a rock harder than the Fell Sandstone sheets of outcrop, such as whinstone, and to have been impacted with a mallet or used as a hand tool with a pad to protect the palm. There have been recent experiments to produce such effects. What is strange is that no tool has been found on a site, with the possible exception of Dod Law (Beckensall 2001), although this has an uncertain context. Motifs were not added to the rock without consideration of the form of the rock itself, and often the natural configuration would determine the arrangements of the motifs. The most satisfying designs (to the modern eye) are those that use to the full the surface irregularities and slopes. Slope is particularly important, as grooves running from cups follow the rock downwards, and the spacing of motifs may take into account the natural divisions formed by cracks. At Hunterheugh 1 there are two kinds of surface: a fairly continuous smooth, sloping area with few natural irregularities, and rather lumpy surfaces. There are also hollows used to counter-sink motifs 3. Description of the motifs The most complex motifs are those to the east on a step in the rock, and they face east. No new ones other than cups and a cup and ring were found further east, and they were on a step down, part of the same section of outcrop. The cairn lay on the continuation of the north complex motif, and there were a few other minor cups and cups and rings to the immediate west. All these motifs are ‘fresh’. The two major motifs are distinctly different, although clearly arranged in the same direction, facing east in a slight flat hollow that today drains rain water from them. The southerly design has clear chisel-like and punched tool marks. At the centre is a cup towards which a radial groove runs but does not reach beyond the inner ring. The cup is the centre of two penannulars which are looped at their ends. A very thin groove from the cup reaches a bar running from one end of the inner penannular to the other, preventing the opening to the cup from being a complete ‘keyhole’ construction. The inner groove on the right runs further down the rock, and opposite to it some tooling has been placed to allow water to drain out of the motifs, left. An extra concentric outer arc was not meant to continue around the whole figure; it stops at a crudely-cut basin in which the chisel tool marks have cut into layered sedimentary rock. Outside this, left, are two cups, and above is a group of three. On the slightly raised rock to the west are three linked cups in a row and a pecked cup and ring, The northern motif, although sharing some of these characteristics, is different. In the former, the tool marks are much more definite and heavy; here, although the serpentine grooves are a feature, they are made with a very fine pick, becoming fainter towards the north. A recessed cup and another cup form an asymmetric centre to a looped groove that encloses them, twisting to echo the linked penannulars of the first figure, but continuing fainter to loop around in a bisected circle with a faint cup. The two motifs share sufficient characteristics to make it possible to assume that they were made at the same time, despite the contrast in picking techniques, and are aligned together. The north one has a made hollow in the same direction as the one to the south. On a slight rise there is a pristine pecked cup and ring and a cup. At a lower level on a step are two cups and a cup and ring. The motifs are unusual and special even in a county that surprises by the variations that prehistoric people managed to get out of simple symbolism, but lie outside the cairn. Further west on another level of rock is a deeply hacked motif discovered by excavation. It is a deep cup connected by an angular grove of the same depth to a cup with a thin ring around it. Its depth makes it stand out, on a north-south alignment, following the shape of the rock. Also to the east on the north side is a roughly rectangular block that has much fainter, eroded cup and single ring motifs, those at the eastern edge in a line. Other small cup and single ring motifs appear on the same rock. These too were discovered by excavation. Why they should be fainter than the more complex motifs may be accounted for by their being on the outside of the cairn, and thus exposed. Immediately west is a triangular shaped outcrop sandwiched between the cracks formed by lines of bedding, on which is a heavily-pecked cup and rings and a cup. There is some iron in the rock here, and the cutting of the motifs must have called for more strength and persistence. As all the pick marks are clear, it is possible that this part of the rock was covered over early in its history. At the centre of the site is an already-recorded group of faint simple cup marks, with a deeper ‘new’ cup on its north edge. The remaining decorated surfaces lie to the west. Most of these are recorded as rock 1a, b, and c. To the south a new series of motifs was excavated, all at a lower level than the others. In a long naturally sunken recess a cup surrounded by a pecked circle is the beginning of a heavily pecked, long groove like a stretched triangle. On either side the cup has two motifs of the cup and ring type, and other cups already drawn. North of this, in the same alignment, is a panel of cups and linked cups already recorded (as 1b). A strong feature of this is the way the cups are clustered at the top of the rock, then linked like a necklace, running down the slope to link up with a cup and two concentric rings and a cup with a faint ring that is unfinished as an arc of small cups marks where the groove was planned to be. The last area of rock to the north-west has been recorded at the top as 1e, with a packed cluster of cups. The newly exposed section on the slope to the north has cup and ring mark designs, some with grooves from the central cup, and all faint. The largest has a cup and two concentric rings. 4. Conclusion The excavation has produced only a few additional cups and cup and ring marks, but this has completed the total picture of what is on the rock surfaces. My report, submitted with detailed drawings and photographs, has drawn attention to the fact that it is not possible to make any observations about chronology from the evidence of pristine and worn motifs, as erosion is bound to affect exposed rocks. It is up to the excavators to relate any other finds to a possible sequence of events. I am not confident from what I have seen at the site that this is going to be possible. Even the most preserved motifs are those not actually covered by the cairn, and their preservation will have to be accounted for by natural covering of, for example, wind-blown soil and vegetation. Evidence of quarrying on the total mass of rock is ambiguous. Questions that I would ask are: what tools were available in Neolithic or early Bronze Age times (the possible age of the rock markings) to split rocks along their seams? The whole area has been re-used by generations after the rock art was put there, for there is a high concentration of enclosures for stock and for settlement, including a field wall that uses the outcrop and cairn as a guide. The excavation is only a glimpse. More work will have to be done, for example on the cairns and rock art on the hill to the north and on the enclosures themselves to find some answers. Drawing of enclosure marked rock It is significant that the rock art extends into the Iron Age (?) enclosures themselves: a group of domino cups, similar to those on Chatton Park Hill and Dod Law have now been recorded among grooves that are partly natural and partly artificial enclosures. A considerable amount of stone has been quarried from the wider area to build stockades/enclosures, and one wonders whether the excavated rock may have provided some. Our archive for rock art includes panels further to the east and to the north west. It now includes a panel on the outcrop edge of one enclosure to the west. It is possible that any future excavation that concentrates on the enclosures will find rock art that has been taken from elsewhere and used as building material or has been deliberately incorporated because it was recognised as a significant part of the past. There is a single shallow cup with the peck marks still visible on one side. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
341 Hunterheugh 2     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411695m 616843m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 156m Garmin GPS 12 On the side of the hill 83m NNW of Hunterheugh 1. Covered by heather. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Close to Hill Top. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 120cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic Part of the outcrop has been covered with cairn material. Titlington Mount farm NO NO 73 NO Open Access The panel is 73m from the path that runs past Hunterheugh 1 Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       The freshness of the pecking suggests that much of the outcrop has been covered since the motifs were made. The drawing shows the difference in depth, freshness and erosion of the motifs. The north part of the rock has an arrangement of distinct cups, some in lines. The largest motif is a cup and faint serpentine groove at the centre four angular rings. Among other cups are six motifs: a cup with a short groove running into a natural crack has two penannulars; a cup is at the centre of a ring with a small outer arc, below which is a very clearly pick-marked cup and groove at the centre of three penannulars, with an angular arc concentric to the outer ring. Below this is a similarly clearly picked cup and groove with two penannulars, the end of the groove linking with a long curving groove from a cup at the centre of a ring and grooves that are not complete or symmetrically placed. A groove from a cup joins the groove from the above motif’s cup sideways. To the left of this irregular figure is a cup and groove at the centre of two angular rings with a third broken concentric ring on the outside. At the west end of the rock is a cluster of four cups. All the grooves from these motifs follow the slope of the rock southwards, and those at the east end are fresher than the rest. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 32 found. Cups countersunk: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 2 found. Serpentine groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 4 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cups countersunk|Cup and groove|Domino patterns and parallel lines|Curved groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Serpentine groove|Cup and ring|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|32|1|1|1|3|2|1|1|4|
342 Hunterheugh 3     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411682m 616813m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 147m Garmin GPS 12 28m SSW of Hunterheugh 2. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Close to Hill Top. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 425cm 105cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 62 YES Open Access Visible when the bracken has died down. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     Part of the same outcrop as Hunterheugh 2, but the carvings are much fainter. There is a cup at the centre of two rings and an outer incomplete ring. A thin groove links the inner ring to the outer arc. There is a cluster of eight cups; two others may be marking out the line of the incomplete part of the arc. At the opposite end is a cup and two rings, an arc like a horseshoe and eight scattered cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 20 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Arc|Cup and ring|Penannular|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Cup and multiple rings| |20|1|1|1|1|1|1|
343 Hunterheugh 4     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411892m 616802m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 132m Garmin GPS 12 On the most westerly part of the cliff outcrop, on the southeasterly edge. 2m S of Hunterheugh 5. In thick heather. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 360cm 200cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 100 NO Open Access More than 100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       It has three cups with single rings in a line; there are two other cups, one with a faint ring. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |1|4|
344 Hunterheugh 5     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411895m 616812m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 142m Garmin GPS 12 Close to the edge of the crag, on the most westerly part of the cliff outcrop. In thick heather. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 240cm 140cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 100 NO Open Access More than 100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       There is basin with a pennanular in it and a cup and ring. Hard Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 1 found |Cup and ring|Penannular|Basin| |1|1|1|
345 Hunterheugh 6     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411421m 616908m 3m Garmin GPS 12 149m Garmin GPS 12 66m SW of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 660cm 570cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 66 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
836 Hunterheugh 7     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411711m 616883m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 150m Garmin GPS 12 131m NNW of Hunterheugh 1. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO NO NO NO YES NO 40cm 20cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 120 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single cup. Loose Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
875 Hunterheugh 8a     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411606m 616687m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 148m Garmin GPS 12 1m SW of Hunterheugh 8e. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 410cm 200cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 70 NO Open Access The panel is approximately 70m from the path Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)         Hard      
876 Hunterheugh 8b     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411621m 616702m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 141m Garmin GPS 12 About 15m NW of the Iron Age enclosure and close to the edge of the crag. 39m SSW of the farmtrack. In thick heather. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 130cm 115cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 39 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Small basin and a cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Basin| |1|1|
877 Hunterheugh 8c     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411614m 616694m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 4m Garmin GPS 12 10m WSW of Hunterheugh 8b. In thick heather. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 330cm 120cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 50 NO Open Access Approximately 50m. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       An elliptical basin and a cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Basin| |1|1|
878 Hunterheugh 8d     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411608m 616692m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 144m Garmin GPS 12 6.5m WSW of Hunterheugh 8c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 170cm 105cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 70 YES Open Access Approximately 70m. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single eroded cup and a possible ring. Hard Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Cup and ring| |1|
879 Hunterheugh 8e     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411606m 616692m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 145m Garmin GPS 12 Immediately W of Hunterheugh 8d. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 220cm 170cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 70 NO Open Access Approximately 70m. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A small basin. Hard Basin: at least 1 found |Basin| |1|
880 Hunterheugh 9     Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411529m 616690m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 140m Garmin GPS 12 Upright stone at the entrance to the enclosure. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Titlington Mount farm NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A minimum of 10 cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Single or multiple cups| |10|
762 Hunters Hill, Ovington       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         South of the A69 east of a minor road to Ovington is a wide trackway east that leads past Overdean farm to the Whittle Burn, a tributary of the Tyne. The track is baked on either side by field clearance which accentuates it in some places to a hollow way; among the stones and other rubble, among holly and hawthorn, Gary Knox discovered and photographed in 1984 the large sandstone boulder that is illustrated here. The stone has disappeared, and conversation with Mr J Curry the farmer at Overdean confirms that it has probably been broken up and used for building. He had no idea that it was there. In November 1994, as soon as I heard of this, I examine the whole trackway. It seems likely that the boulder was a glacial erratic that may have been originally on or near Hunters Hill, a striking feature that commands views across Whittle Burn to Prudhoe and beyond. The drawing and description based on Gary Knox’s photographs. There is an extraordinary arrangement of motifs: cups linked by long, thin linear grooves, and cup and ring motifs. If the boulder is a glacial erratic, scratches on it may have given the idea for the design. There is nothing quite like it anywhere else in the north, with such a profusion of linked cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 3 found. Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Curved groove|Cup and groove|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Two cups linked by a groove| |9|1|1|3|2|1|8|
996 Ingoe Wall   Ingoe means Inga's ridge.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Alnwick Castle   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       This may be the stone about which Canon Greenwell wrote to Collingwood Bruce that a stone found in a wall at Ingoe appeared to be a cist cover. George Tate wrote that it was found by the Rev John Bigge. This flat slab has a very fine design that fits its space. A large cup and thin groove is at the centre of four penannulars. A groove runs parallel to the bottom edge, and there is a cup, groove, and two surrounding grooves to one side. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 3 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars| |1|3|1|
691 Ingoe, Sandyway Heads   Ingoe means Inga's ridge. Matfen CP, Castle Morpeth (Northumberland - England) 404321m 574875m 4m Garmin GPS 12 0m   On ground in front of Sandyway Heads cottage. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Easy         Because this block is marked on two sides and the motifs intact, it is very unlikely to have been broken off outcrop. The markings on the reverse reinforce this. Its shape and its position near a standing stone (Warrior Stone), and the recording of cairns in the area make it a candidate for being part of a cist It is a very fine example of rock--art technique. The roughly triangular slab has a large cup from which a groove runs to another cup, There are three rings, rather angular, around the cup, the outer ring stopped before it reaches the groove from the cup. An angular extension groove runs from the outer circle at the top, with a short groove above it and a large cup. Another curved grooved with pick marks between it and the stone’s edge completes the motifs. On the reverse side is a cup and faint groove, with many light pick marks. Not Recorded Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found |Cup and groove|Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Curved groove|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|1|1|2|1|1|
798 Joicey Shaft a     Haydon CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 382908m 566487m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 196m Garmin GPS 12 A large earthfast boulder 29m N of gate leading into the field. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Difficult           Three cup marks. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
799 Joicey Shaft b     Haydon CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 382872m 566469m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 198m Garmin GPS 12 40m WSW of Joicey Shaft a and 6m N of farmtrack. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Easy           A possible cup mark. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
235 Ketley Crag Rock Shelter     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407462m 629804m 5m Garmin GPS 12 124m Garmin GPS 12 About half way down the slope from the plantation and in line with a row of bushes along the valley bottom (Lyham Burn). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO NO YES 240cm 180cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton stile NO YES 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture     To record this rock I (Stan Beckensall) spent hours at the site, and the accompaniment of the badgers under the earth the other side of the rockshelter wall was a unique experience: they sounded as though they were moving furniture and redecorating for the whole time, though they remained hidden! This description is based on recording made by Stan Beckensall in January, 2001. Since then more carvings have been uncovered; this can be seen by comparing the two drawings that are presented. The quality of the decoration is stunning, and this is one of the most sensitive uses of the shape and variations of any rock panel that I know. The floor of the overhang is 2.5m long and 1.60 m at its widest. There is certainly a prime case for calling the decoration of this outcrop ‘art’, for the people who pecked the motifs onto the rock were sensitive to the whole surface that they wished to use, taking into account all the slight variations that were presented to them. Variations in slope have determined the direction of grooves running from cups that are mostly central to concentric rings. These grooves were most likely the first use of the rock, for they occupy natural depressions and enhance them. Cups begin some of these grooves; concentric rings stop at some of these grooves and others cut through them. One long groove is drawn across the surface parallel to the width of the floor and to the straight west edge of the outcrop, almost reaching the back wall of the overhang and ending at its north edge. It is an important part in the design, dividing the motifs into two parts (referred to as right and left in this account). All the grooves run down the slope of the rock in a direction determined by slight variations in slope, except the linear groove that runs roughly parallel to the rock overhang for about 1.70m. The wide groove to the right of the main division has good examples of pick marks, although the marks on the rest of the surface seem either to have been smoothed by grinding or by water running down them (if the floor had been exposed for a long time). The motifs furthest south, up-slope are more worn than those at the bottom, and this suggests a soil accumulation at the bottom to protect them. There is an unattached groove in the right hand section, well made and deep, flanked by a cup and short groove with a slightly elongated ring. To the right are two sets of three penannulars one above the other with their cups linked by a deep groove that ends at the north edge. Between them and the central groove are to faint motifs: a cup and arc and an oval groove surrounding two small cups. Above, joined to the linear groove by its outer ring is a cup at the centre of two penannulars. At the very limit of the shelter wall is a cup and angular groove. To the right of this string of motifs is a similar parallel arrangement beginning with a cup at the centre of two rings linked by a groove from the cup to a lower cup at the centre of three broken rings; A groove from the inner ring of the lower figure almost meets the outer ring of motifs consisting of two penannulars around a large central cup, the groove from which reaches the north end of the rock. The depth of the cups is enhanced in many cases by their being in natural hollows so that they are counter-sunk. The decoration on the right hand side, apart from some faint arcs and a cup, ends on the almost vertical thin edge to the west, where there is a ring and two concentric arcs. It does not appear to have been cut through. To the left of the central division a long groove begins with a cup, passes a faint cup and arc on its left and a cup, to the centre of the deepest and clearest motif: a cup at the centre of a ring and three concentric penannulars. The groove continues to the rock edge diametrically, and another groove runs from the same cup radially. At the lowest part of the rock, which naturally comes to a point, the small triangle has become a focus of a most elaborate treatment where packed motifs flow into one; The outer penannular of the largest figure runs in to the outer deep oval surrounding a cup and groove. Between it and the central division is a faint cup and diametric groove at the centre of two ovoids. Below it is a cup and another two ovoids around a cup and short groove. To the east of the long dividing groove are four large motifs of three and two well-spaced rings united by the grooves from the central cups as they flow down the rock. One other cup completes the motifs on this triangle. The most easterly group of motifs is more complicated, perhaps because the surface was more irregular to begin with. At the top a cup and arc has a looped groove around it from the end of which loop and the central cup a groove curves down the rock. It becomes an outer ring of a motif of two concentric rings surrounding a cup from which a groove runs, parallel to another groove from the inner ring. Below is ac cup with an arc below it. The most easterly motifs are a cup at the centre of two rings from which a curved groove runs to meet the outer arc of an irregular figure of cup and ring, concentric arc, and arc. From the lateral groove at the top is a vertical groove There is a distinct design about this; in any age this is the work of an artist. The way the motifs flow into each other, taking every advantage of the natural slopes and irregularities of the rock surface is similar to the concept on the main rock on Old Bewick Hill. Fluidity and inter-connection, the spacing of grooves, and the use of what the rock had to offer in the first place must make this one of the world’s greatest sites. What significance the rock shelter had for the people who decorated it in this way is not known. The absence of anything funerary today does not preclude it from having been used in that way, but we cannot speculate any further. What we can admire is the great wide stretch of landscape that this site dominates. It is truly a very significant viewpoint. That it has been chosen for special and skilled treatment, lying in an area of similar high quality decoration, makes on e wonder what went on there. Hard Arc: at least 1 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found. Curved groove: at least 4 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 9 found. Multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with interior groove: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 6 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 7 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 3 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 5 found |Arc|Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Linear and angular groove|Multiple penannulars|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and groove with arc|Cup and ring with interior groove|Cup with groove cutting through ring|Cup and ring|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Cup and multiple penannulars|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|1|5|4|9|1|1|1|1|1|6|7|2|3|5|
282 Lamb's Knowe 1     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410272m 627748m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 165m Garmin GPS 12 On the top of low hill and 8m NNW of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 125cm 105cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 8 YES Open Access This distance is to a farmtrack. The public footpath is, according to the Ordinance Survey map, about 80 metres away. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Seven cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
283 Lamb's Knowe 2     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 410591m 627598m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 161m Garmin GPS 12 4m SE of the small burn. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 150cm 95cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 220 NO Open Access Distance estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A shallow cup with pick marks visible. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
371 Lamp Hill a     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 413834m 611178m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 228m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the escarpment, just below highest point. 3m W of Lamp Hill b. There are extensive views. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 315cm 115cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO NO 10 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A natural rectangular panel to which three sets of paired cups have been added, like a domino six. Although the domino arrangement of cups is not universal, there are others in the county. Hard Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found |Domino patterns and parallel lines| |1|
372 Lamp Hill b     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 413838m 611179m 4.5m Garmin GPS 12 230m Garmin GPS 12 21m W of the farmtrack, at the highest point on the escarpment. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 1100cm 7500cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO NO 8 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       The panel contains two definite cups and a possible large cup/basin. Hard Basin: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Basin|Single or multiple cups| |1|2|
373 Lamp Hill c     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 413832m 611204m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 224m Garmin GPS 12 30m W of Lamp Hill b and 23 m WNW of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 580cm 430cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - B6341 NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single large symmetrical cup and a midget cup. Hard Midget cup: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
1119 Langleeford     Earle CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 395783m 622152m   Garmin 76 GPS 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Unknown Countryside   Not Recorded   Igneous Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Unknown           Two cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
374 Lemmington Wood Ross Cottages   Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 412946m 610806m 6.2m Garmin GPS 12 190m Garmin GPS 12 About 8m NNE of the footpath (at NU 12936 10786). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Woodland NO YES NO NO NO NO 210cm 205cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Ross Cottages, B6341 NO NO 8 YES Access by Right of Way   Impossible   Forestry     Found by others, but lost in the thickness of the newly planted wood, it was relocated by Irene and Ian Hewitt, who discovered three runes on the same outcrop. This was a major discovery, as runes in such a position are rare or even unique. Consultation with experts revealed they may have been part of a sacred text, and that their meaning was either ‘to leave or leave behind’, from the Old English verb laefen, or ‘a remnant or relic,’ from laf. An alternative is that they are Old Norse, from the noun lof, meaning ‘praise or permission,’ or laf, meaning ‘bread or sustenance.’ It is difficult to say why the panel is in this place, but if the trees were removed it would command another extensive view, and be a marker to a higher place on the scarp. The cup and ring motifs are a cup connected by a straight groove to another cup. One cup has one ring, the other a ring and an outer penannular. Hard Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 2 found |Penannular|Cup with groove cutting through ring| |1|2|
21 Lickar Moor             Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Berwick Museum Find spot: ca. NT 957 418 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.         This is a small triangular shaped stone with a cup at the centre of a gapped ring, with a possible groove curving round the edge of the rock. Not Recorded Curved groove: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Curved groove|Cup and penannular| |1|1|
206 Lilburn burial a       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The most important site is of a burial at Lilburn Hill Farm. In 1885 James Moffat of Lilburn Cottage wrote about it (AA ii Vol 10) in some detail, but the picture he gives us is somewhat confusing. Some men broke up a large stone while a field was being prepared for turnips. Bones appeared. Mr Moffat found fragments of stone lying around; he says that the grave had been opened to a depth of 16in, leaving 2 in of soil above the top deposit of bones. (But where did the scattered bone come from?). The grave was 9ft 2in from north to south. A trench had been dug 20in wide on each side of the bones, leaving a section with deposits in it. He trowelled this and discovered that there were cremation burials in two of the pits, one above the other as follows: 1. There were seven shallow depressions with three small whinstones (dolerite) over each, allowing for a half inch of soil. There was evidence of cremations, with teeth and bits of jaw. 2. After the removal of this layer, four to five inches lower was a row of five circular depressions, rather larger than those above. Four had three small whinstones over them, and the largest pit at the north end had five. There was evidence of cremation, but the bones found here seemed larger. It is quite likely that the pit, with its multiple burials, was Neolithic rather than early Bronze Age. It is also likely that it would have been capped by a long mound. It is characteristic of a long barrow site; not on the hilltop, but visible from lower ground over a great distance. The stones (Lilburn burial a and b) that came from the pit burial are at Museum of Antiquities. Mr Moffat explains: Mr Tait (the tenant farmer) informed me that the stone with the marking on it found at the west side of the south end of the line of pits was a thick massive stone, shaped like the apex of a pyramid, and carved on each side but one, which had suffered partial demolition at some previous period. It appears, then, that the stone (Lilburn a) might have been broken before it was put into the pit, assuming that the workmen had not damaged it. The drawing shows it resting on the base of a triangle, on which is a cup with three concentric arcs. As the edge is broken off, could the arcs once have been concentric s circles? Spiral and curvilinear design on the rest of the rock make it unique in Northumberland burials, but there are spirals on the cliffs at Morwick. The horned spiral is similar to one at Achnabreck in Argyll. There are also serpentine grooves that curl up on themselves. On the side of the block are three concentric rings with no cup at the centre and an attached ring. It is difficult to see how the other piece of rock (Lilburn burial b) fits in with the rest, but it was certainly recorded as part of the pit deposit: the fragment has had part of its decoration broken off; the main motif is a ring around a boss and six concentric rings that are more incised than pecked. Four similarly concentric arcs, cut off, join the outer ring, moving in a different direction. This type of motif is not usual in Northumberland, where the centre of arcs and rings are normally cupped. In Langdale, however, at a recently-recorded massive block of rock marked on its vertical face, an unmarked centre is common. Could it be a Neolithic motif rather than a later one, or just a variation on the same theme? The drawing shows it resting on the base of a triangle, on which is a cup with three concentric arcs. As the edge is broken off, could the arcs once have been concentric s circles? Spiral and curvilinear design on the rest of the rock make it unique in Northumberland burials, but there are spirals on the cliffs at Morwick. The horned spiral is similar to one at Achnabreck in Argyll. There are also serpentine grooves that curl up on themselves. On the side of the block are three concentric rings with no cup at the centre and an attached ring. Not Recorded Concentric rings: at least 1 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 6 found. Ring: at least 3 found. Arc: at least 2 found. Horned spiral: at least 1 found. S shaped spiral: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple arcs: at least 1 found |Concentric rings|Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove with penannular|Linear and angular groove|Ring|Arc|Horned spiral|S shaped spiral|Cup and multiple arcs| |1|1|9|1|6|3|2|1|1|1|
207 Lilburn burial b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       The most important site is of a burial at Lilburn Hill Farm. In 1885 James Moffat of Lilburn Cottage wrote about it (AA ii Vol 10) in some detail, but the picture he gives us is somewhat confusing. Some men broke up a large stone while a field was being prepared for turnips. Bones appeared. Mr Moffat found fragments of stone lying around; he says that the grave had been opened to a depth of 16in, leaving 2 in of soil above the top deposit of bones. (But where did the scattered bone come from?). The grave was 9ft 2in from north to south. A trench had been dug 20in wide on each side of the bones, leaving a section with deposits in it. He trowelled this and discovered that there were cremation burials in two of the pits, one above the other as follows: 1. There were seven shallow depressions with three small whinstones (dolerite) over each, allowing for a half inch of soil. There was evidence of cremations, with teeth and bits of jaw. 2. After the removal of this layer, four to five inches lower was a row of five circular depressions, rather larger than those above. Four had three small whinstones over them, and the largest pit at the north end had five. There was evidence of cremation, but the bones found here seemed larger. It is quite likely that the pit, with its multiple burials, was Neolithic rather than early Bronze Age. It is also likely that it would have been capped by a long mound. It is characteristic of a long barrow site; not on the hilltop, but visible from lower ground over a great distance. The stones (Lilburn burial a and b) that came from the pit burial are at Museum of Antiquities. Mr Moffat explains: Mr Tait (the tenant farmer) informed me that the stone with the marking on it found at the west side of the south end of the line of pits was a thick massive stone, shaped like the apex of a pyramid, and carved on each side but one, which had suffered partial demolition at some previous period. It appears, then, that the stone (Lilburn a) might have been broken before it was put into the pit, assuming that the workmen had not damaged it. The drawing shows it resting on the base of a triangle, on which is a cup with three concentric arcs. As the edge is broken off, could the arcs once have been concentric s circles? Spiral and curvilinear design on the rest of the rock make it unique in Northumberland burials, but there are spirals on the cliffs at Morwick. The horned spiral is similar to one at Achnabreck in Argyll. There are also serpentine grooves that curl up on themselves. On the side of the block are three concentric rings with no cup at the centre and an attached ring. It is difficult to see how the other piece of rock (Lilburn burial b) fits in with the rest, but it was certainly recorded as part of the pit deposit: the fragment has had part of its decoration broken off; the main motif is a ring around a boss and six concentric rings that are more incised than pecked. Four similarly concentric arcs, cut off, join the outer ring, moving in a different direction. This type of motif is not usual in Northumberland, where the centre of arcs and rings are normally cupped. In Langdale, however, at a recently-recorded massive block of rock marked on its vertical face, an unmarked centre is common. Could it be a Neolithic motif rather than a later one, or just a variation on the same theme? The fragment has had part of its decoration broken off; the main motif is a ring around a boss and six concentric rings that are more incised than pecked. Four similarly concentric arcs, cut off, join the outer ring, moving in a different direction. This type of motif is not usual in Northumberland, where the centre of arcs and rings are normally cupped. In Langdale, however, at a recently-recorded massive block of rock marked on its vertical face, an unmarked centre is common. Could it be a Neolithic motif rather than a later one, or just a variation on the same theme? Not Recorded Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Multiple arcs|Cup and multiple rings| |1|1|
208 Lilburn Hill Farm 2       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         Mr Moffat wrote that in 1885: Two cists, both containing bones, one with a trace of iron, were dug up over 40 years ago in the North Cairnfold Field. The name, of course is significant. Apparently, Mr Tait gave Mr Moffat the whole of what he had found. In a footnote to the same article Mr Moffat (1885) wrote: 'There is on the farm another inscribed stone, with one large and two double circles and central pit (cup), supposed to have come from a cairn.' In the East Cairnfold Field three other cists were dug out in 1886 containing bones and three urns – one intact and two broken. Apparently, Mr Tait gave Mr Moffat the whole of what he had found. In a footnote to the same article Mr Moffat (1885) wrote: 'There is on the farm another inscribed stone, with one large and two double circles and central pit (cup), supposed to have come from a cairn.' Not Recorded      
211 Lilburn portable       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Berwick Museum   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       This portable came from the Lilburn area. It has two sets of cups and an interesting scatter of pick marks around them. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|4|
209 Lilburn South Stead Farm       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: British Museum   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Mr Moffat (1885) recorded another cist cover: 'One cist, about 18 years ago, with inscribed stones, and containing a few bones, was turned up upon the Lilburn South Stead Farm.' The inscribed stone in the British Museum is probably the large stone from this cist. He then located three other tumuli in South Bank Plantation, Moorfoot Plantation and North Ponders Field. There have been other graves found since then, making this a substantial area for burials, but no further rock art has been discovered.   Not Recorded      
635 Lordenshaw Hillfort 7a   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405518m 599212m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 272m Garmin GPS 12 19m SSW of the E entrance to the hillfort. On the edge of the hillfort rampart. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 120cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 19 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
636 Lordenshaw Hillfort 7b   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405503m 599179m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 276m Garmin GPS 12 25m SW of Lordenshaw Hillfort 7a and 14m from the rampart. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 260cm 115cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Eight cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
637 Lordenshaw Hillfort 7c   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405503m 599179m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 275m Garmin GPS 12 7m SSW of Lordenshaw Hillfort b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 105cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
638 Lordenshaw Hillfort 7d   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405506m 599167m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 273m Garmin GPS 12 14m SSE of Lordenshaw Hillfort c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 110cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Eight cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found |Single or multiple cups| |8|
639 Lordenshaw Hillfort 7e   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405511m 599158m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 271m Garmin GPS 12 8m SE of Lordenshaw Hillfort d and 4m SW of the path. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 115cm 115cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 4 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Four cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
640 Lordenshaw Hillfort 7f   The name 'Lordenshaw' (also Lordinshaw) is not clear in its origin, but may come from heavy (Old French lourdin) ridge (Old English hou, which occurs as 'hoe', as in Prudhoe or Swinhoe, for example). The other meaning of 'shaw' is a wood. If the first derivation is correct it means that the ridge was unproductive, for 'heavy' was used as a term of complaint. Hesleyhurst CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 405508m 599154m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 270m Garmin GPS 12 3.5m SSW of Lordenshaw Hillfort e. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 220cm 140cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Lordenshaw carpark NO NO 8 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)     General introduction to Lordenshaw: The sandstone promontory on which Lordenshaw stands is to the north east of the Simonside --Dove Crags range of hills. Its north west and south east flanks drop respectively to Whitton Dean, a tributary of the Coquet and to a narrow glaciated valley overlooked to the east by another outlying sandstone hill that rises to the same height as Lordenshaw. There is a rise to the hillfort from the south west, then the land slopes away to the north east, finger-like, to the Whitton Burn. This raised, prominent extension of the Simonside Hills reaches 268m.OD, and is made up of outcrop Fell sandstone, with only a thin layer of acidic soil. There are patches of bright orange soil thrown up by rabbits, and a dark grey soil elsewhere. The whole area has archaeology of many different periods, one of the most recent and most significant being the clearance of much of the land to the east for ‘improvement’ for the growing of grain on a regular close-running rig and furrow system. This must have destroyed some surface archaeology, and may have resulted in some of the stone heaps that could also be prehistoric burial mounds. Prominent on the hilltop is a ‘fort’, a ditched Iron Age enclosure that has been re-used as a Romano-British settlement. The slope southwards to the modern road and car park has many field walls, some of cobble and soil construction, and others of vertically--set sandstones. Some of these walls cross one another, and represent different episodes in the use of the land. The oldest features belong to the late Neolithic period, represented by cup and ring marked rocks over a wide area. The motifs vary from simple cups to more complex ringed cups and grooves, but there is a characteristic regional phenomenon of long grooves or channels that follow the slope of the outcrop sheets on the east side of the hill. It is impossible to date outcrop markings, but in this area three possible early bronze age cairns have been built on marked outcrop rock, showing that the latter are either contemporary or earlier, and also showing that the sites were already of great importance in the landscape before the cairns were added. All the marked rocks in situ are at prominent viewpoints, some commanding many miles of territory. A few cupped rocks in the hillfort allow the possibility that some marked surfaces may have been destroyed during its construction, and the medieval Deer Park wall may account for others being broken up and reused. Modern quarrying has certainly taken its toll, especially on the north west, where masses of freestone have been removed, leaving holes in the ground like bomb craters, and the main block of rock art (2c) bears every sign of the quarrying process. Add to that a network of other walls, including those for sheilings (temporary herds’ houses and gardens), and it is likely that we have lost a large proportion of rock art. Seven cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
1049 Low Thornhope Farm     Knaresdale with Kirkhaugh CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 368230m 551330m 50m OS Map Sheet 0m Garmin GPS 12 The carved rock is situated in the foundation of a fossilised field wall, which is probably medieval in date. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Unknown         It consists of a quarried multi-ring carving that is unlikely to be in its original situation. A multi-ring carving. Not Recorded Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Cup and multiple rings| |1|
7 Lowick Lowsteads       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         East of Ford, near the village of Lowick, Mr.Collingwood Bruce recorded in 1880 a cup-marked stone that came from a barrow.   Not Recorded      
288 Lucker Moor 1     Adderstone with Lucker CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 411600m 626669m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 210m Garmin GPS 12 On top of the ridge SSW of the large cairn and 43m SSE of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 165cm 100cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 43 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       At least 10 cups. There are possible enhanced natural grooves. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 10 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups| |2|10|
289 Lucker Moor 2     Adderstone with Lucker CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 411617m 626627m 3m Garmin GPS 12 212m Garmin GPS 12 50m SSE of Lucker Moor 1. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 80cm 80cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 90 NO Open Access There are closer paths, but they are likely to be sheep tracks. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A minimum of four cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
290 Lucker Moor 3     Adderstone with Lucker CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 411764m 626445m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 211m Garmin GPS 12 Flat rock in the heather, 61m NW of the fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Ridge   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 150cm 110cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 57 NO Open Access This distance is to the farmtrack. The nearest public footpath, according to the Ordinance Survey map, is about 200m away. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Seven cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
291 Lucker Moor 4     Adderstone with Lucker CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 412450m 626502m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 189m Garmin GPS 12 In the field between the two plantations and 6m N of the public footpath. There is an abandoned shed to the SE. The sea is visible from the rock. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 80cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 6 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       There are six cups on the top of the rock and four cups in a row just below the top. There are three cups clustered at the base of the rock, all on the same side. Around the other side, there is another cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 14 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line| |14|1|
292 Lucker Moor 5     Adderstone with Lucker CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 412260m 625591m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 186m Garmin GPS 12 3m north of the farmtrack and 13m N of the telephone pole. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Lowland basin (Valley bottom)   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 3 NO Open Access This distance is to the farmtrack. The nearest public footpath, according to the Ordinance Survey map, is about 750m away. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A minimum of two cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
293 Lucker Moor 6     Adderstone with Lucker CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 411620m 625908m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 182m Garmin GPS 12 31m SW of the telephone line. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Lowland basin (Valley bottom)   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 260cm 220cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Chatton Sandyford mast NO NO 75 NO Open Access Distance estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       There is a cluster of 6 cups in v-pattern on either side of natural groove and three (possibly four) cups on the base of the rock. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found |Single or multiple cups| |9|
236 Lyham Moor 1     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 408262m 631046m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 166m Garmin GPS 12 6m SE of the burn, 12m SW of the fence, and 41m E of the top of the waterfall. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 340cm 190cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   South Lyham farmhouse NO NO 91 NO Seek Landowner Permission Although the carved outcrop itself cannot be seen from the track, the pile of rocks on it can be seen from the track. Impossible   Pasture       The most elaborately decorated, the outcrop sloping away from the edge, has natural cracks and undulations formed during the deposition of the sandstone into which surface have been inserted the rare ‘keyhole’ motifs, the prototype for which is on Stronach ridge, Arran. In a ‘keyhole’ two lines extend from one or more rings and/or from a central cup; they can be open at one end or closed with a groove, the latter here. That there is only one example in the whole of County Durham and Richmondshire and none in Cumbria shows how rare it is. There is another feature: the RH motif has radiates from the circle (grooves running outward, as at Roughting Linn). The makers must have had some difficulty dealing with cracks. On the downslope, the rippled texture of the stone has suggested an enclosure around a cup, not fully worked on or deepened (i.e. ‘tentative’). At the triangular end of the slope is a cup. Elsewhere, where the surface protrudes through thin grass, there are natural holes formed during deposition. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Serpentine groove: at least 2 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 4 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with interior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and keyhole: at least 2 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Serpentine groove|Linear and angular groove|Arc|Cup and ring with interior groove|Cup and keyhole| |1|3|2|4|1|1|2|
237 Lyham Moor 2     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 407955m 631309m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 169m Garmin GPS 12 On the rock outcrop about 3m from the edge of the crag, which has a steep drop. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 800cm 205cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   South Lyham farmhouse NO NO 370 YES Seek Landowner Permission Approximately 370m. Impossible   Pasture       On the horizontal surface of a massive outcrop with vertical faces, the natural indentations include a large cup joined by a smaller one, enclosed by a ring. There is a concentric arc and two cups, one appearing to be joined by a shallow groove to the ring. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Arc|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |2|1|1|
1042 Lyham Moor 3     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 408244m 631027m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 156m Garmin GPS 12 28m WSW of Lyham Moor 1. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           A single deep cup-mark. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
1043 Lyham Moor 4     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 408116m 631171m 5.2m Garmin GPS 12 158m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the crag among the gorse bush. Between Lyham Moor 1 and 2. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           A cup and two opposing arcs and another single cup. Hard Arc: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Arc|Single or multiple cups| |2|2|
686 Middleton Bank Top 1a East farm   Wallington Demesne CP, Castle Morpeth (Northumberland - England) 405835m 582943m 1m Garmin GPS 12 166m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the quarried outcrop, 51m NE of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 365cm 215cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Middleton Bank Top Farm NO NO 51 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       The flat outcrop has a cup and angular ring to the south with a small cup underneath. There are six cups outside a complex arrangement of two motifs that cross. The earlier one is a cup and penannular with surrounding grooves that run into the main motif: a large cup at the centre of two angular grooves, with the outer angular groove running faintly to the edge of the rock. The motifs belong to the same tradition, and were probably made at the same time. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 4 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and multiple rings|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring| |7|4|1|1|1|
687 Middleton Bank Top 1b East farm   Wallington Demesne CP, Castle Morpeth (Northumberland - England) 405835m 582942m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 166m Garmin GPS 12 About 40cm WNW of Middleton Bank Top 1a, across the gap in rock, and on the edge of the quarried outcrop. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 140cm 80cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Middleton Bank Top Farm NO NO 51 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Three large and two small cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
987 Middleton Bank Top 1c East farm   Wallington Demesne CP, Castle Morpeth (Northumberland - England) 405838m 582943m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 165m Garmin GPS 12 170 cm E of Middleton Bank Top 1b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 270cm 160cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Middleton Bank Top Farm NO NO 53 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture         Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove| |4|1|
988 Middleton Bank Top 2a East farm   Wallington Demesne CP, Castle Morpeth (Northumberland - England) 405713m 582995m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 164m Garmin GPS 12 On edge of the quarried outcrop, 14m SSE of the water trough, and 56m W of the public footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 360cm 180cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Middleton Bank Top Farm NO NO 56 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture         Hard Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Cups countersunk: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Cup and ring|Single or multiple cups|Cups countersunk|Cup and penannular| |1|6|1|1|
989 Middleton Bank Top 2b East farm   Wallington Demesne CP, Castle Morpeth (Northumberland - England) 405720m 583003m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 162m Garmin GPS 12 On edge of the quarried outcrop, 16m ESE of the water trough, and 9m NE of Middleton Bank Top 2a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 420cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Middleton Bank Top Farm NO NO 47 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture     Only part of the decoration is visible as there are more motifs under the turf. Four cups surrounded by two arcs. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found. Arc: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Arc| |4|2|
370 Midstead 1   Named after a now-destroyed house. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 412421m 615460m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 109m Garmin GPS 12 50 m north of the road, up the hill. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         South of Hunterheugh and Titlington across the Titlington Burn is a sandstone hill bounded on the south by the River Aln known as Jenny’s Lantern. On it are two prehistoric enclosures with hut circles, to the west of which is a marked horizontal slab named after a now-destroyed house called Midstead. The slab has an attractive design. A split in the horizontal rock is used by an artificial U-shaped groove that links two motifs: a cup and two rings and a cup and ring. The groove does not reach the cups, only the edges of the outer rings. Below the crack is a cup from which a serpentine groove reaches the edge of the rock, surrounded by two rings. On the same part of the rock are three ringed cups, mostly faint. Not Recorded Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 4 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found |Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and ring| |1|4|3|
1044 Midstead 2   Named after a now-destroyed house. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 412116m 615189m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 134m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the crag. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Thirty five cups, two of which are linked by a groove. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 33 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove| |33|1|
1045 Midstead 3   Named after a now-destroyed house. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 412117m 615192m 5.2m Garmin GPS 12 133m Garmin GPS 12 Immediately NE of Midstead 2. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Twenty four cups, one cup and groove, and two cups linked by a groove. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 24 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and groove| |24|1|1|
1048 Midstead 4   Named after a now-destroyed house. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 412092m 615169m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 126m Garmin GPS 12 31m SW of Midstead 3. Immediately W of the wall that runs N-S. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           A single cup and a pecked area which may be the beginning of several cups or a groove. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
1047 Midstead 5   Named after a now-destroyed house. Hedgeley CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 412402m 615582m 4.3m Garmin GPS 12 114m Garmin GPS 12 29m SE of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           Nine cups and three instances of two cups linked by a groove. There is another possible cup and groove. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove| |9|3|
347 Milfield South Henge       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via excavation Museum   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO YES NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic The Milfield South Henge, however, has been extensively excavated, where Professor Harding found a segmented and flat-bottomed ditch with a single entrance that surrounded a deep pit in the west-centre part. It appeared as a dark patch 3.60 x 3.20m, which excavation proved to have been dug originally with a rectangular stone setting at the bottom. Inside was a cup-marked stone and burnt material placed in position at a date in the early Bronze Age. Then a large post was inserted, not to the bottom of the stone setting, and big stones were used to pack it. The post was later removed, and the pit slumped in. It is not known what the pit was used for. The marked sandstone was 0.33 x 0.27m, and 0.11m. thick. The cup was 45-50mm. in diameter and 20mm. deep, pecked into the surface at one end. Obviously we must not make too much of this isolated find, but it will alert further excavations to the possibility of finding others. Cup marks are easily filled in with compacted soil and can be overlooked. It is the only one to be found in this monument-littered area.   NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Clive Waddington's excavations and fieldwork on the Milfield Plain follow on the work of others, such as Roger Miket, Colin Burgess and Anthony Harding, revealing the Plain as a very rich Neolithic and later landscape. 15 'hengiforms' have been identified, for example, and the Coupland 'Henge', recently partially excavated, has proven to be earlier than the earliest Stonehenge. It also may be a cattle enclosure; perhaps animals were driven from the grazing areas where the decorated rocks are, and corralled before the onset of winter. It is connected to Roughting Linn, for example, by an ancient trackway. The Milfield South Henge, however, has been extensively excavated, where Professor Harding found a segmented and flat-bottomed ditch with a single entrance that surrounded a deep pit in the west-centre part. It appeared as a dark patch 3.60 x 3.20m, which excavation proved to have been dug originally with a rectangular stone setting at the bottom. Inside was a cup-marked stone and burnt material placed in position at a date in the early Bronze Age. Then a large post was inserted, not to the bottom of the stone setting, and big stones were used to pack it. The post was later removed, and the pit slumped in. It is not known what the pit was used for. The marked sandstone was 0.33 x 0.27m, and 0.11m. Thick. The cup was 45-50mm. In diameter and 20mm. Deep, pecked into the surface at one end. Obviously we must not make too much of this isolated find, but it will alert further excavations to the possibility of finding others. Cup marks are easily filled in with compacted soil and can be overlooked. It is the only one to be found in this monument-littered area. The marked sandstone was 0.33 x 0.27m, and 0.11m. thick. The cup was 45-50mm. in diameter and 20mm. deep, pecked into the surface at one end. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
376 Millstone Burn 1a     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411888m 605203m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 202m Garmin GPS 12 5m E of the public footpath gate that leads on to the A697 and 6m NNE of the fence and the dilapidated wall. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 275cm 125cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 5 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       On the surface is a fine cup, ring and penannular with a groove running from the ring. There is a cup outside the penannular. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Penannular|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |1|1|1|1|
377 Millstone Burn 1b     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411876m 605103m 4.2m Garmin GPS 12 205m Garmin GPS 12 16m NNE of Millstone Burn 1h and about 3m E of the A697. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 195cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 3 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       An occulus: two cups at the centre of a figure--of--eight groove, with a cup outside. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Occulus: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Occulus| |1|1|
378 Millstone Burn 1c     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411875m 605080m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 202m Garmin GPS 12 3m E of the A697, 26m SSW of Millstone Burn 1b, and 7m NNE of the gate. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 3 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       A large cup connected to a smaller one by a curved groove. The smaller cup is one of four in a row. Below are five other cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line|Two cups linked by a groove| |5|1|1|
379 Millstone Burn 1d     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411886m 605076m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 201m Garmin GPS 12 10m ESE of Millstone Burn 1c. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 85cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 13 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       This boulder, like a small standing stone, is divided by a natural rift. On one side are two cups; on the other are eight cups, two of them linked with a faint groove. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove| |8|1|
380 Millstone Burn 1e     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411892m 605092m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 200m Garmin GPS 12 7m SW of Millstone Burn 1f. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 75cm 40cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 30 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       A cup at the centre of a ring, part of which is faint, with a small cup outside. Hard Midget cup: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Midget cup|Cup and ring| |1|1|
381 Millstone Burn 1f     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411895m 605098m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 197m Garmin GPS 12 19m E of Millstone Burn 1b. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 90cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 36 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       The whole surface of this boulder is covered with 22 cups. Many seem to be arranged in pairs, and some as an arc. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 22 found |Single or multiple cups| |22|
382 Millstone Burn 1g     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411906m 605137m 3m Garmin GPS 12 197m Garmin GPS 12 10m WSW of the fence. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 65cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 80 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       On a round-ended boulder are eight cups, some paired, and a midget cup. Hard Midget cup: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found. Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups|Domino patterns and parallel lines| |1|4|1|
383 Millstone Burn 1h     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411876m 605087m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 200m Garmin GPS 12 7m NNE of Millstone 1c and 3m E of the A697. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 60cm 25cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 15 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       Six cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Single or multiple cups| |6|
384 Millstone Burn 1i       0m 0m 199.6m Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Unfortunately, work in the field has removed this large boulder since it was recorded by Stan Beckensall. The carved panel was removed by the farmer in the early 1990s while digging runoff ditches. There is a depression where the panel is likely to have been. The GPS readings taken at this spot are: NU11890 05095 (average 4.3m, altitude 200m). Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown           The carved boulder had an indented surface into which sixteen cups had been pecked, three with penannulars. There is a cup with a groove on either side of it; one of the grooves ran to the edge of the vertical side of the rock. There are two midget cups. Not Recorded Midget cup: at least 2 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 13 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Cup and penannular: at least 3 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and penannular| |2|13|2|3|
385 Millstone Burn 1j     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411898m 605063m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 197m Garmin GPS 12 5m SSW of the path and 29m SE of the gate that leads on to the A697. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 115cm 70cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 5 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
386 Millstone Burn 1k     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411882m 605097m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 199m Garmin GPS 12 7m SSE of Millstone Burn 1b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 80cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 10 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup and a possible second cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
387 Millstone Burn 1l     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411999m 605142m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 192m Garmin GPS 12 25m NE (downslope) of the heavily fluted standing stone, which is at NU 11978 05129. Millstone Burn 1l is itself heavily fluted. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 100cm 60cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 100 NO Open Access Approximately 100m. Distance estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       An oval cup in one of the natural grooves. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
388 Millstone Burn 2a     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411830m 604967m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 197m Garmin GPS 12 9m NW of the fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 240cm 210cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 12 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A cup and ring, with two attendant cups at one end and two cups at the other. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |4|1|
389 Millstone Burn 2b     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411833m 604994m 3m Garmin GPS 12 201m Garmin GPS 12 12m NW of the fence and 31m NNE of Millstone Burn 2a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 115cm 80cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 15 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A square boulder with some natural grooves on its surface, four of which have cups. There are seven other cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found |Single or multiple cups| |11|
390 Millstone Burn 2bb     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411823m 605014m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 205m Garmin GPS 12 20m NNW of Millstone Burn 2b, 23m WNW of the fence, and 3m SE of the edge of the small quarry. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside Quarried block. Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 115cm 70cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 26 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A single cup and a cup and ring. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |1|1|
391 Millstone Burn 2c     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411768m 605079m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 204m Garmin GPS 12 From the gate on to the A697, proceed up the track for 70m in a W direction, and then proceed NW for 30m. Millstone Burn 2c, an elongated boulder, can be seen in the hollow way leading down to the gate. There is a large rock 5m SE of Millstone Burn 2c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 30 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A line of nine cups and seven others. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cups in a straight or curved line| |7|1|
392 Millstone Burn 2d     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411836m 605116m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 208m Garmin GPS 12 12m N of Millstone Burn 2dd and 31m NNE of the farm track leading to the gate on to the A697. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 150cm 115cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 31 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Three linked cups and a fourth. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove| |1|2|
393 Millstone Burn 2dd     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411839m 605101m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 206m Garmin GPS 12 28m NW of the gate that leads on to the A697 and 17m NNE of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 270cm 220cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 17 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A minimum of three cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
394 Millstone Burn 2e     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411812m 605138m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 212m Garmin GPS 12 38m NW of Millstone Burn 2d and 25m NW of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 175cm 130cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 25 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Two ringed cups and two other cups. One cup has a natural groove leading to it, continued as a pecked groove away from the ring. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Cup and ring| |2|1|1|
395 Millstone Burn 2f     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411838m 605141m 4.2m Garmin GPS 12 213m Garmin GPS 12 26m N of Millstone Burn 2d and 2m W of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 120cm 85cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 2 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Seven cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
396 Millstone Burn 2g     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411857m 605227m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 209m Garmin GPS 12 1m W of the fence and 20m E of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 180cm 115cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 20 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       This outcrop with a fairly uniform surface has a cluster of 22 midget cups, which may be seen as a pattern of lines or arcs. A larger cup leads to a wider scatter of twelve small cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 14 found. Cluster of midget cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cluster of midget cups| |14|1|
397 Millstone Burn 2h     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411835m 605241m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 212m Garmin GPS 12 28m NW of Millstone Burn 2g and 2m WNW of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 140cm 90cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 2 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       On a boulder on the hillslope is the most complex and pleasing design of the Millstone Burn 2 group. There are three large motifs, two of which are made up of a cup and two rings, with grooves running from the central cups down the rock, almost meeting at the edge. The third motif has a cup and serpentine groove; inside an outer ring are two concentric rings, one running through a cup. The groove from the central cup reaches the edge of the rock. A cup and ring is linked by a groove to the duct of the right-hand motifs; above it is a cup. There is also an incomplete ring around a cup. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 3 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular|Cup with groove cutting through ring|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|2|1|1|3|
398 Millstone Burn 2i     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411837m 605239m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 212m Garmin GPS 12 85cm W of Millstone Burn 2h. The carvings are covered by grass. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO NO NO NO YES NO 30cm 25cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       A cup with a straight groove moving to the edge of the rock, with a ring. Hard Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found |Cup with groove cutting through ring| |1|
399 Millstone Burn 3a     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411641m 605231m 4m Garmin GPS 12 230m Garmin GPS 12 A small flat rock that is 32m WNW of Millstone Burn 3b (west) and 9m SSE of the boundary fence. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 70cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 8 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       An unusual and very elaborate use of a small indented surface is evident on this small exposure of outcrop among grass. A cup has a widening groove leading to the edge of the rock. Around this is a keyhole shaped groove, with its grooves parallel. Around this is a wide arc that reaches the edge of the rock, with a large cup inside it. Touching this outer arc (or U-shaped groove) are two rings, probably slightly enhanced natural features, at the centre of cups. There are three cups on this side of the rock; in the opposite corner are two grooves, one running from a cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Keyhole with groove leading out from central cup: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Cup and groove|Cup and ring|Arc|Keyhole with groove leading out from central cup| |3|1|1|2|1|1|
400 Millstone Burn 3b (east)     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411678m 605225m 2.8m Garmin GPS 12 231m Garmin GPS 12 33m S of the fence. The farmtrack goes over the south side of the panel. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 670cm 580cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       There are small cups scattered over the surface, three ringed in the eastern part, one with two angular rings and an oval with two cups. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 35 found. Row of midget cups: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 6 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Oval groove enclosing cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Row of midget cups|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring|Cup and multiple rings|Oval groove enclosing cups| |1|35|1|1|6|2|1|1|
401 Millstone Burn 3b (west)     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411672m 605224m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 232m Garmin GPS 12 2.5m W of Millstone Burn 3b (east). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 350cm 230cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       This panel has a similar scatter of cups to Millstone Burn 3b (east), about 26; the north has four single cups with rings, a cup and arc, and a cup and penannular. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 26 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring| |26|1|1|4|
402 Millstone Burn 3bb     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411742m 605290m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 227m Garmin GPS 12 On the edge of the quarry, 4m SSE of the Longframlington boundary marker, and 5m NNW of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 430cm 240cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 5 YES Open Access   Impossible           A single cup and a cup and ring with a groove from the ring. The cup and ring have been cut in half by quarrying for building stone. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup with groove cutting through ring| |1|1|
403 Millstone Burn 3c (i)     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411665m 605216m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 231m Garmin GPS 12 7m SSW of Millstone Burn 3b (west). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 100cm 125cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 4 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       An oval shaped part of the rock has a cup and ring from which from which a groove leads to the end of the rock, surrounded by an angular ring that shows that part of it was made by joining small cups together. Two cracks separate this part from the rest, where there are three cups and a cupless ring. At the other side is a cup and thin groove at the centre of a gapped ring, surrounded by a U-shaped groove, with a cup as part of it. There is a cup and cup and arc. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 3 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Arc|Cup and groove with penannular|Ring|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|7|3|1|1|1|1|
404 Millstone Burn 3c (ii)     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411668m 605214m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 231m Garmin GPS 12 50cm S of Millstone Burn 3c (i). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 315cm 90cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 4 YES Open Access   Impossible           A long thin section has many cups. There are two ringed cups, a cup at the centre of an arc and concentric ring, three cups and arcs, one of which has a cup and arc joining it. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 36 found. Curved groove: at least 2 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 6 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Basin: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 6 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Linear and angular groove|Cup and groove|Basin|Cups in a straight or curved line|Cup and penannular|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Ring|Cup and groove with arc|Cup and ring| |36|2|6|1|1|1|2|6|1|1|2|
405 Millstone Burn 3c (iii)     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411665m 605215m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 230m Garmin GPS 12 30cm E of Millstone Burn 3c (ii). Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 130cm 70cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 3 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Pasture       A cup and penannular that ends in a cup connected to an incomplete ring with two arcs outside. Hard Arc: at least 2 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Arc|Ring|Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular| |2|1|1|1|
406 Millstone Burn 3d     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411651m 605192m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 227m Garmin GPS 12 26m SSW of Millstone Burn 3c (iii). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 130cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 25 NO Open Access Approx 25m from the path. Impossible   Pasture       There are 22 cups clustered at the south end, one with a ring and incomplete concentric ring; another has a ring from which groove runs and a penannular. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 19 found. Penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Penannular|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and multiple rings| |19|1|1|1|
407 Millstone Burn 3e (i)     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411719m 605282m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 227m Garmin GPS 12 15m ENE of Millstone Burn 3e (ii). The boulder lies under the fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 105cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       One large and three small cups Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Single or multiple cups| |4|
408 Millstone Burn 3e (ii)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411703m 605277m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 228m Garmin GPS 12 30cm N of the fence and 3m W of the farmtrack. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 260cm 230cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 3 YES Open Access   Impossible   Pasture       Thirteen cups, two of which are linked by a groove. Hard Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found |Two cups linked by a groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|11|
409 Millstone Burn 3f     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411669m 605324m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12 From Millstone Burn 3e (ii), continue along the farmtrack (which is to the E of it) in a NW direction for 57m, and then, with the bellpit to S, proceed NNW through the heather for 9m. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 95cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 9 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A cup and groove at the centre of two pear-shaped grooves, some small pick marks and four cups, one with an arc. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|3|1|1|
410 Millstone Burn 4a     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411514m 605162m 3m Garmin GPS 12 233m Garmin GPS 12 2m SW of Millstone Burn 4b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 590cm 220cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 100 NO Open Access The panel is more than 100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Pasture       There is a slot, perhaps for a cross base (Medieval?) on the boundary, at the north end, with small cups. The rest has cups spread liberally across the surface, five with a single ring (one of which is tentative), two with penannulars, two with arcs. A cup with a groove that runs down the rock has a penannular; another has two penannulars, the groove from the latter being continued as a series of joined cups. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 62 found. Cup and groove with multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 2 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 5 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove with multiple penannulars|Cup and groove with penannular|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring| |1|62|1|1|2|2|5|
411 Millstone Burn 4b     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411518m 605166m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 234m Garmin GPS 12 11m SSE of the fence and 65cm S of Millstone Burn 4c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 455cm 270cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 100 NO Open Access The panel is more than 100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Pasture       There are many cups of different sizes scattered over a surface that also has some natural indentations. Two cups have arcs. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 61 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |61|1|1|2|
412 Millstone Burn 4c     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411518m 605168m 2.9m Garmin GPS 12 234m Garmin GPS 12 12m SSE of the fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 175cm 80cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 100 NO Open Access The panel is more than 100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Pasture       There are six cups and three smaller ones. Hard Midget cup: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |3|6|
413 Millstone Burn 4d     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411520m 605160m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 235m Garmin GPS 12 4m SSE of Millstone Burn 4b. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 85cm 55cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 100 NO Open Access The panel is more than 100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Pasture       There are nine cups and one smaller one. Hard Midget cup: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 9 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |1|9|
414 Millstone Burn 4e     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411469m 605147m 3.9m Garmin GPS 12 234m Garmin GPS 12 In the hollow way, 10m SSW of the fence and 50m W of Millstone Burn 4a . Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture YES NO NO NO NO NO 170cm 45cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 100 NO Open Access The panel is more than 100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Pasture       Five cups and a possible groove. Hard Curved groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Curved groove|Single or multiple cups| |1|5|
415 Millstone Burn 5a     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411424m 605175m 3m Garmin GPS 12 235m Garmin GPS 12 9m NNE of the hollow way. Overgrown by heather and only partially visible. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 220cm 190cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 40 NO Open Access The panel is about 40m from the path, which is on the south side of the fence. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       The largest panel in this fragmented group, it has one of the most complex arrangements of motifs in the Millstone Burn area. Divided into two parts, north west to south east, by a crack, the right hand side has two motifs of a cup and three concentric rings joined by a groove from its cup to another cup at the centre of two concentric rings. Above this, some natural grooves have been used to form a mixture of natural and artificial grooves radiating from a cup and arc. There is a cup and ring, cup and penannular and about nine other cups. To the left (i.e. W) is a complex figure that begins with a cup and ring surrounded by an oval not centred on that motif, but enclosing it. Two grooves from the outer ring link with a groove around a cup, which touches the ring around another cup. Around and below this motif are distinct cups, two joined, two with a faint gapped ring, and one with a ring. The motifs cluster around the crack and the downward slope. The exposed edges of the rock surface are clear of motifs. Hard Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 35 found. Curved groove: at least 4 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 4 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 4 found. Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings: at least 2 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups|Curved groove|Linear and angular groove|Cup and multiple rings|Arc|Cup and ring with exterior groove|Cup and penannular|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring|Cup with groove cutting through multiple rings| |1|35|4|4|1|1|1|2|2|4|2|
416 Millstone Burn 5b     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411424m 605177m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 235m Garmin GPS 12 40cm WNW of Millstone Burn 5a. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 45cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 40 NO Open Access The panel is about 40m from the path, which is on the south side of the fence. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A small patch of rock with two ovals and a small cup. Hard Midget cup: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |1|2|
417 Millstone Burn 5c     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411420m 605177m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 233m Garmin GPS 12 4.5m NW of Millstone Burn 5a. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 70cm 35cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 40 NO Open Access The panel is about 40m from the path, which is on the south side of the fence. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A small patch with a cup and faint groove and a small cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove| |1|1|
418 Millstone Burn 5d     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411414m 605174m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 237m Garmin GPS 12 3.5m NW of the hollow way and 11m W of Milstone Burn 5a. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 60cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 30 NO Open Access The panel is about 30m from the path, which is on the south side of the fence. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       There are 21 cups, mostly small on a small patch of rock. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 21 found |Single or multiple cups| |21|
419 Millstone Burn 5e (i)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411413m 605183m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 234m Garmin GPS 12 7m NW of Millstone Burn 5c. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 150cm 100cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 40 NO Open Access The panel is about 40m from the path, which is on the south side of the fence. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A cup and angular arc and six small cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |6|1|
420 Millstone Burn 5e (ii)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411416m 605182m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 237m Garmin GPS 12 1.5m E of Millstone Burn 5e (i). Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 55cm 30cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 40 NO Open Access The panel is about 40m from the path, which is on the south side of the fence. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Four cups and a midget cup. Hard Midget cup: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 4 found |Midget cup|Single or multiple cups| |1|4|
421 Millstone Burn 5e (iii)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411410m 605185m 3.1m Garmin GPS 12 236m Garmin GPS 12 2m NNE of Millstone Burn 5e (i). Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 40cm 20cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 40 NO Open Access The panel is about 40m from the path, which is on the south side of the fence. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       An oval and four small cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
422 Millstone Burn 5f       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Open Access   Impossible           Five cups Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 5 found |Single or multiple cups| |5|
423 Millstone Burn 5g     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411574m 605320m 4.1m Garmin GPS 12 229m Garmin GPS 12 In thick heather. The A697 can be seen from this panel. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 130cm 115cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 100 NO Open Access The panel is more than 100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       It has three pairs of large cups placed in natural grooves so they are linked in parallel. Twelve other cups cluster below. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 12 found. Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Domino patterns and parallel lines| |12|1|
929 Millstone Burn 5h       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Unknown Countryside Could not be relocated during the project. The rock is reported to be close to Millstone Burn 5a. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         A circular patch of rock. Two large cups and pick marks. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|2|
930 Millstone Burn 5i     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411578m 605329m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 223m Garmin GPS 12 In thick heather, 7m NE of Millstone Burn 5g. Private   NO Unsure Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 90cm 50cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 100 NO Seek Landowner Permission More than100m from the nearest path. Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single cup. Loose Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
424 Millstone Burn 6a (i)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411333m 605190m 4m Garmin GPS 12 235m Garmin GPS 12 2m NNW of the footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 245cm 215cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 2 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       The outcrop has natural grooves that divide it into zones. The eastern part has a group of three cups and rings all touching and running into each other, surrounded by a U-shaped groove that runs into the top ringed motif and ends at a crack. Below are four large cups, one of which has an arc, and two smaller cups. To the right are three more cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 3 found. Curved groove: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring|Curved groove| |8|1|3|1|
425 Millstone Burn 6a (ii)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411335m 605191m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 232m Garmin GPS 12 The panel is immediately to the east of Millstone Burn 6a (i). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 385cm 170cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO YES 0 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A rectangular outcrop slab has natural lines of deposition running from north to south, between which are twelve cups, one with an incomplete ring. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular| |11|1|
426 Millstone Burn 6b     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411287m 605193m 3.3m Garmin GPS 12 238m Garmin GPS 12 A large rock protruding from the heather about 47m W of 6a (i) and 32m NNW of the footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope Near the top of the hill. Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 580cm 385cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 32 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       This partially exposed rock has a cup and ring, with a string of small cups leading from it, possibly intended as a groove. There is a cup and arc and other small cups. Hard Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 8 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Cup and ring with exterior groove: at least 1 found |Linear and angular groove|Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Cup and ring with exterior groove| |1|8|1|1|
427 Millstone Burn 6c (i)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411345m 605216m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 237m Garmin GPS 12 4m W of the footpath and 24m NNE of Millstone Burn 6a (i). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 265cm 150cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 4 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A rectangular slab has some ill-defined motifs. Two cups are clear, but the others appear to be the beginning of grooves formed by linked cups, and two others have penannulars around a cup with a groove. Hard Cup and groove: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found. Cup and groove with penannular: at least 2 found |Cup and groove|Single or multiple cups|Cup and groove with penannular| |3|7|2|
428 Millstone Burn 6c (ii)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411341m 605216m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 236m Garmin GPS 12 Immediately to the NW of Millstone Burn 6c (i). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 250cm 210cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 6 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Half of this roughly—square slab has two cups at the centre of two rings, five cups and rings, and a cup and penannular. On the other side of the crack are six cups. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Cup and penannular: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 5 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring|Cup and multiple rings| |6|1|5|2|
429 Millstone Burn 6c (iii)     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411341m 605214m 3.8m Garmin GPS 12 236m Garmin GPS 12 Immediately to the SW of Millstone Burn 6c (ii). Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 345cm 180cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 7 NO Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Another square-shaped surface has a cup and ring and fifteen cups of various sizes. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 15 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and ring| |15|1|
430 Millstone Burn 6d     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411356m 605216m 3.6m Garmin GPS 12 238m Garmin GPS 12 10m E of Millstone Burn 6c (i), across the footpath. 5m from the footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 560cm 100cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 5 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A long thin outcrop has ill-defined motifs that include a cup and ring, cup and penannular, and a cup at the centre of three gapped rings, touching a cup and ringed figure. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Cup and penannular: at least 3 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Linear and angular groove|Arc|Cup and multiple penannulars|Cup and penannular|Cup and ring| |1|1|1|1|3|1|
431 Millstone Burn 6e     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411375m 605226m 3.7m Garmin GPS 12 235m Garmin GPS 12 20m NE of Millstone Burn 6d and 6m SW of the footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) NO YES NO NO NO NO 135cm 95cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 6 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Two cups and a cup and arc. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)| |2|1|
432 Millstone Burn 6f     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411406m 605216m 3.5m Garmin GPS 12 235m Garmin GPS 12 33m E of Millstone Burn 6e and 1m N of the footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 115cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 1 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A line of five cups and a midget cup. Hard Midget cup: at least 1 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 1 found |Midget cup|Cups in a straight or curved line| |1|1|
433 Millstone Burn 6g     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411409m 605219m 3.4m Garmin GPS 12 236m Garmin GPS 12 4m NE of Millstone Burn 6f and 4m NNE of the footpath. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 70cm 65cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 4 YES Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       Seven very small cups. Hard Midget cup: at least 7 found |Midget cup| |7|
434 Millstone Burn 6h     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411410m 605219m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 235m Garmin GPS 12 30cm SE of Millstone Burn 6g. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Top   Fell Sandstone Moorland (including bracken) YES NO NO NO NO NO 170cm 70cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 4 YES Open Access   Impossible   Moorland (rough pasture)       A single cup. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
435 Millstone Burn 7a     Edlingham CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411869m 605404m 3.2m Garmin GPS 12 201m Garmin GPS 12 30m NNW of the boundary fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 100cm 95cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 75 NO Open Access The panel is approximately 75m from the nearest path. Impossible   Pasture       Two cups on the edge of the rock. Hard Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found |Single or multiple cups| |2|
436 Millstone Burn 7b     Longframlington CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 411890m 605347m 3m Garmin GPS 12 200m Garmin GPS 12 26m S of the boundary fence. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Hill Slope   Fell Sandstone Pasture NO YES NO NO NO NO 105cm 85cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic   Road - A697 NO NO 50 NO Open Access The panel is approximately 50m from the path. Distance estimated from the Ordinance Survey map. Impossible   Pasture       One cup with partial ring and two cups with grooves coming from them. Hard Cup and groove: at least 2 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Cup and groove|Cup and ring| |2|1|
646 Millstone Burn portable a       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Berwick Museum   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Found loose in the triangular field east of A697. The cobble is marked on two sides: there are four very deep, well made cups and a smaller cup on one side; on the other flat surface are two shallow pecked cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
647 Millstone Burn portable b       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Berwick Museum Unable to locate in the Berwick Museum during the project. Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.         This small cobble has three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
252 Millstone Hill     Chatton CP, Berwick-upon-Tweed (Northumberland - England) 408850m 626500m 50m OS Map Sheet 0m   A sloping outcrop with linked cups. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded YES NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible         Reported by F Berthele and Peter Dwyer. On the outcrop are cups joined together like strings of beads. The largest string has its largest cups at either end with five smaller cups in between. Parallel to this are four joined cups and a thinner groove that ends with a cup; the head of the groove has four cups pecked in an arc. To the right of this is an arc of four cups, which appears as though they were also due to be linked with a groove. The motif of linked cups is rare, but can be seen at Gayles Moor (Richmondshire) and Barningham Moor (C. Durham), for example. Not Recorded      
869 Millstone Hill portable       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Moved from original location Museum: Chillingham Castle   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum This panel might not be on display, in which case prior arrangements will have to be made with the museum to view it.       Forestry Commission ploughing prior to planting revealed a large triangular-shaped sandstone rock close to the site of an excavation by George Jobey of three joined cairns. The stone has six clear cups and a fainter one. The bottom four cups appear to be paired. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 2 found. Domino patterns and parallel lines: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Domino patterns and parallel lines| |2|1|
1114 Morwick Rock Shelter   Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 A rock shelter on the River Coquet below Coquet Moor. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers.   Not Recorded      
764 Morwick 1a Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 The most easterly vertical surface of the rock shelter, and between 60cm and 1,6m from the ground. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. Many of the motifs are very faint, either from erosion or because they were pecked on lightly. On the right hand side is a faint series of concentric rings that appears to start with a spiral. Below is an S-shaped spiral, not totally symmetrical. Further below is a pair of spirals turning clockwise that meet and run into each other, arranged obliquely like the motifs above. There are other faint peck marks, but in no obvious pattern. The left hand side has a clockwise spiral at the top, a single turned horned spiral at the bottom; in between are incomplete pecked grooves like a question mark, that reach the edge of the rock. Not Recorded S shaped spiral: at least 1 found. Pick marks: at least 1 found. Linear and angular groove: at least 2 found. Horned spiral: at least 1 found. Left hand spiral: at least 2 found. Right hand spiral: at least 3 found. Concentric rings: at least 1 found |S shaped spiral|Pick marks|Linear and angular groove|Horned spiral|Left hand spiral|Right hand spiral|Concentric rings| |1|1|2|1|2|3|1|
765 Morwick 1b Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 Separated from Morwick 1a by a crack in the rockface, the panel is 85cm wide and between 70cm and 1,2m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. This panel is unique, the most complex of all the designs. To the right is a cup surrounded by three concentric rings. A groove runs round the outer ring to enclose an arrangement of three spirals that run from it. The top two (with some confusing additional pecking) are clockwise single ‘shepherd’s crook’ spirals and below is an anti--clockwise spiral that curls around itself before becoming part of the heart--shaped surrounding groove. The groove around the concentric circles, met by this groove from the spiral, ends at the rock edge. Below that is a groove running concentric to it. Further below is a square enclosure with rounded corners, with two faint cups inside. Above this complex heart--shaped arrangement is a clockwise spiral of three turns that runs into the outer groove. Branching out from the same major groove is a clockwise spiral, linked to it by a long groove. Above are faint arcs that echo the shapes of the outer turns of the spirals, one then moving off to the left to join the next complex motifs. At the bottom of the left-hand side group is a horned spiral, very worn or unfinished in its centre. There is a deep oval groove enclosing the whole figure; from the bottom a U--shaped rise, echoed by another above it, provides the bridge in between the two horns, one clockwise and the other anti--clockwise. A clockwise spiral joins the outer groove of the horned spiral from the right, surrounded by a ring. This ring has a groove branching into the outer curve of one of three spirals that are all linked. The bottom two spirals are arranged as a horned spiral, one clockwise, the other anti--clockwise. The third, anti--clockwise, spiral is linked to the curved groove that joins them. There are three other fainter spirals, two of which are arranged clockwise and anti--clockwise as a horned spiral; between them is another clockwise spiral. A shallow circular depression lies between the motifs and the edge of the rock. Not Recorded Basin: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found. Ring: at least 1 found. Horned spiral: at least 3 found. Arc: at least 3 found. Left hand spiral: at least 3 found. Right hand spiral: at least 4 found. Curved groove: at least 4 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Basin|Single or multiple cups|Ring|Horned spiral|Arc|Left hand spiral|Right hand spiral|Curved groove|Cup and multiple rings| |1|3|1|3|3|3|4|4|1|
766 Morwick 1c Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 50 cm to the right of Morwick 1b and between 80cm and 1,45m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. A small oval surrounded by two roughly square grooves, below which are three parallel arcs. Not Recorded Multiple square grooves: at least 1 found. Multiple arcs: at least 1 found. Ring: at least 1 found |Multiple square grooves|Multiple arcs|Ring| |1|1|1|
767 Morwick 1d Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 About 9,4m to the right of Morwick 1c and 2,7m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. A panel of rock above an overhang has a set of running spirals. From the east, two anti--clockwise turns curl round to form an ‘S’ with two clockwise turns. Touching this is a clockwise spiral of two turns, forming an ‘S’ with a fainter spiral to the west. Not Recorded Running spiral: at least 2 found |Running spiral| |2|
768 Morwick 1e Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 About 1,5m to the right of Morwick 1d and 2,55m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. This is a clockwise spiral with an outer unattached groove. Close by is a recently--discovered clockwise spiral of four turns. The outer part has been damaged or eroded. Not Recorded Curved groove: at least 1 found. Right hand spiral: at least 2 found |Curved groove|Right hand spiral| |1|2|
769 Morwick 1f Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 About 1,8m to the right of Morwick 1e and 3,2m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. A splendid display of four horned spirals and three linked spirals, the latter the highest. All the horned spirals are aligned on the same oblique plane. The three spirals, boxed in by the edge of the rock and by three natural cracks, are arranged in such a way that they all turn clockwise, linked together by extensions of two outer grooves, and capped by a curved groove that runs from a small cup to one of the spirals. The other markings appear on the other side of this jutting vertical cliff, to the west, facing another enclave. Not Recorded Left hand spiral: at least 1 found. Cup and groove: at least 1 found. Horned spiral: at least 4 found. Triple spiral: at least 1 found |Left hand spiral|Cup and groove|Horned spiral|Triple spiral| |1|1|4|1|
770 Morwick 1g Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 Between Morwick 1c and 1d. 1,08m to the right of Morwick 1c and 1,6m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. A central cup and two rings with two cups between the inner and outer rings. Another nine cups are scattered around this motif. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 11 found. Cup and multiple rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Cup and multiple rings| |11|1|
771 Morwick 2a Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 About 8,2m to the right of Morwick 1f and 2,2m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. A clockwise spiral of three turns, with the symmetry of the spiral disturbed at its edge. A faint motif of either a cup or the centre of a small spiral with two turns is attached to this outer groove. Not Recorded Right hand spiral: at least 2 found |Right hand spiral| |2|
772 Morwick 2b Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 68cm right of Morwick 2a and 2,1m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. A sharp edge is the finishing point of an anti-clockwise spiral surrounded by two U-shaped grooves (half-ovoids) and an arc. Not Recorded Arc: at least 1 found. Curved groove: at least 2 found. Left hand spiral: at least 1 found |Arc|Curved groove|Left hand spiral| |1|2|1|
773 Morwick 2c Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 46cm to the right of Morwick 2b and 2,3m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. A clockwise spiral of two turns, with two faint arcs concentric to it, stands above fainter motifs that include a ring and a possible ‘S’-shaped spiral. Not Recorded Ring: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 2 found. Right hand spiral: at least 1 found |Ring|Arc|Right hand spiral| |1|2|1|
774 Morwick 2d Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 70cm to the right of Morwick 2c and 2,4m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. A unique design of a faint anti-clockwise spiral set within a ring that it joins is surrounded by an arc of 13 cups. Below it five cups are joined under the ring, with an arc joined to it below, and a detached arc below that. Above is a very faint cup and oval, with small pick marks around it. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Cup and ring: at least 1 found. Arc: at least 2 found. Cups in a straight or curved line: at least 2 found. Left hand spiral: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Cup and ring|Arc|Cups in a straight or curved line|Left hand spiral| |1|1|2|2|1|
775 Morwick 2e Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 2,7m to the right of Morwick 2d to the corner and then another 2,65m to the right. The panel is set back. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. Seven cupmarks are pecked on a near-vertical surface. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
776 Morwick 2f Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 6,7m to the right of Morwick 2e and 4,2m from the ground. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. On a high vertical surface above a ledge is a clockwise spiral surrounded by a ring. Below are two concentric half--ovoids that meet at the edge of the rock. Not Recorded Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found. Right hand spiral: at least 1 found |Cup and multiple penannulars|Right hand spiral| |1|1|
777 Morwick 2g Jack Rock Morwick means 'fen farm'. Warkworth CP, Alnwick (Northumberland - England) 423306m 604423m 5.8m Garmin GPS 12 20m Garmin GPS 12 Between Morwick 2d and 2e. The panel starts about 10cm to the left of Morwick 2e. The GPS reading was taken close Morwick 1a. Private   NO Still at original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO YES 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Access by Right of Way   Impossible         Sandstone cliffs at Morwick, rising from the River Coquet at a fording place, have some of the most unusual motifs in Britain. They were discovered in the nineteenth century and drawn, but closer investigation has led me to find many more on the same surface. They are atypical, as a glance at the drawings shows, for they are based mainly on spiral motifs. Some others may have tumbled from the rock face into the river, where parts of the cliff have collapsed. The site has a shut--in feel, despite the fact that the land opens up on the north part of the river. The sun seldom reaches the north--facing motifs, which are liberally distributed. Many are beyond easy reach, which suggests that either equipment was needed to reach them or the river was higher. To record some of them, I (Stan Beckensall) had to have a ladder lodged in the river bed when the water was at its lowest. Locally the site has been known as the ‘Jack Rock,’ with one design seen as a lion’s face. The motifs were first recorded in the History of the Berwick Naturalists’ Club, Volume X (1882-4) by James Hardy after their discovery by Mr Middleton Dand of Hauxley. Apart from their obvious context at an important fording place across a river that must have been a major food source and vital means of communication, there is a hint that there may have been burials nearby. Mr Dand wrote: There are several mounds running from north to south on the north side of the river on Warkworth Moor…they are not unlike barrows…or…they may be merely owing to tracks worn at different ages to Pomfret’s Ford. However, we have to accept that these motifs lie in isolation from any definite prehistoric sites. The spiral motifs are quite different from cups and rings. The only other examples in Northumberland are at Lilburn and West Horton. If we are looking for sea--borne sources of influence (and I don’t see why we should), the obvious direction is not from Ireland, where spirals are frequent in decoration of passage graves. Further north, at Hawthornden in Scotland are similar spirals on cliffs, but that does not link them except stylistically. More obvious parallels would be in Galloway, to the west. So why are they here, who put them there and why? I don’t know. Spirals of any kind are rare in Britain. Their contexts, spread widely, include stone circles, pottery, carved stone balls, maceheads, reused slabs in early Bronze Age graves, and in passage graves in Ireland, Anglesey and Orkney. Some are on rock outcrops. They are not all alike: the horned spiral occurs, for example, only at Morwick and Lilburn, and in Scotland at Temple Wood, Achnabreck, Lamancha, Gilnockie Tower and Orkney. It occurs too on a Grooved Ware vessel from Radley. ‘Triple spirals’ occur only at Morwick, Achnabreck, and New Grange (Ireland), but they are joined in different ways. This is what makes Morwick so special, for it has single, S-shaped, horned and triple spirals as well as a unique design of three spirals linked to concentric circles and a spiral surrounded by a ring of cups. All this is to be set against the great rarity of spirals of any kind in Britain. Its position in the landscape makes it one of only 11 open-air sites in northern England and southern Scotland. Unlike the more usual cup and ring motifs this is on a vertical cliff rather than on near-horizontal rock. Its position is in a very important river valley, with many prehistoric sites along the course of the river, close to access from and egress to the sea. There is no man--made monument there, but its position is naturally striking as an important river crossing, so to travellers, hunters, settlers and fishermen it would act as a reference point, taking on perhaps a ritual significance of such importance that it inspired a unique art form. No one had to teach the people to do that; we do not have to look for sources of this art; it may even have been the source. I believe that many motifs can be produced by many different people in different parts of the world instinctively. (Young children are particularly good at discovering spirals for themselves, and I have seen people who are bored in committee meetings forming them on their note pads and agendas.) In Galloway the majority of spirals are not used in association with cup and ring motifs, but are on rocks by themselves, despite the latter being widely distributed. The places where spirals have the most significance in England and Scotland are on stone circles, such as Long Meg and Castlerigg (Cumbria), in the passage graves of the Boyne valley (Eire), Anglesey and Orkney. At Newgrange Eire) they are at particularly important places in the grave; as many are inside, only a few people at a time could view them; others are placed on the decorated kerbstones. Such placement gives us a rare dating possibility, but for that site only: later Neolithic. It is just possible that the re-excavation of the pit at Lilburn could provide more information by using modern methods of excavation. It has been said that the horned spiral at Achnabreck is earlier than the cup and ring motifs on the same rock; as it is in exactly the same condition as the best of them, I can see no reason for saying so. Despite many attempts to explain them, much speculation remains in a world of fantasy-- at least, it doesn’t convince me! What we cannot deny is that they were very important to the people who made and used them; the motifs had a meaning that may continue to elude us. The danger is that we read ourselves into them - a natural response that brings many answers. Two concentric rings, a cup and arc, two cups linked by a groove, and six cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 6 found. Two cups linked by a groove: at least 1 found. Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid): at least 1 found. Concentric rings: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups|Two cups linked by a groove|Cup and arc (or semi-ovoid)|Concentric rings| |6|1|1|1|
802 Mount Farm, Simonburn     Simonburn CP, Tynedale (Northumberland - England) 385399m 574182m 7m Garmin GPS 12 217m Garmin GPS 12 A boulder 6m WNW of the SE corner of the plantation. The W corner of the plantation lies about 20m E of an adandoned farmhouse. The public bridleway runs down the western side of the plantation. The boulder has a 19th century OS bench mark on it. The SE corner of the plantation is at NY 8540474178. Private   NO Moved from original location Countryside   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO YES NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Seek Landowner Permission   Impossible           Thirty four cups and three instances of two cups linked by a groove. Two of the large cups merge into each other and one these cups has three small cups in it. Not Recorded Two cups linked by a groove: at least 3 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 34 found |Two cups linked by a groove|Single or multiple cups| |3|34|
353 Mountain Farm, Whittingham   Whittingham is Hwita's peoples' homestead.   0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Unknown Unknown   Not Recorded   Not Recorded Not Recorded NO NO NO YES NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Unknown   Unknown         A cist capstone from a burial was covered with incised circles, but there are no further details, and the stone is lost. D Dixon (1895) in Whittingham Vale reports the find. ‘The present owner does not know the whereabouts of this stone.’   Not Recorded      
1124 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 1       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. Three cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 3 found |Single or multiple cups| |3|
1125 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 2       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. Two cups and peck marks. Not Recorded Pick marks: at least 1 found. Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Pick marks|Single or multiple cups| |1|1|
493 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 3       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. A cup with three pennanulars surrounded by an arc. Not Recorded Arc: at least 1 found. Cup and multiple penannulars: at least 1 found |Arc|Cup and multiple penannulars| |1|1|
1129 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 4       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. A cup and pennanular. Not Recorded Cup and penannular: at least 1 found |Cup and penannular| |1|
1130 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 5       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
1131 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 6       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland.   Not Recorded      
1132 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 7       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. A minimum of one cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
1133 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 8       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
1134 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 9       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. A minimum of a cup and ring. Not Recorded Cup and ring: at least 1 found |Cup and ring| |1|
1135 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 10       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m Garmin GPS 12   Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. A single cup. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 1 found |Single or multiple cups| |1|
806 Museum of Antiquities - Unprovenanced Rock 11       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities   Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO NO NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum         This carved rock is part of the Society of Antiquaries collection. Most of the carved rocks in the Museum of Antiquities (University of Newcastle upon Tyne) come from Northumberland and it is therefore likely that this carved rock also comes from Northumberland. A minimum of seven cups. Not Recorded Single or multiple cups: at least 7 found |Single or multiple cups| |7|
763 Nafferton       0m 0m   Garmin GPS 12 0m     Private   NO Obtained via donation Museum: Museum of Antiquities Findspot: c. NZ 655 060 Not Recorded   Fell Sandstone Not Recorded NO NO NO NO YES NO 0cm 0cm Prehistoric 0 Stylistic     NO NO 0 NO Museum   Museum       &nb